John T wrote a review Jul 2018. Management Plan for the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area. Results also showed that visitors indicated the number of people they saw was about what they expected or less. The Summer of 2012 was sp… Finally, in Fall of 2019 PacificCorp has indicated they are actively working with the Yakama Nation for an equitable transfer of former PacificCorp project lands downstream of the former Condit Dam (289 acres) to Yakama Nation control. Retrieved from: http://indiancountry- todaymedianetwork.com/2011/10/27/ condit-dam-removal-and-moving-forward- white-salmon-river. Near the dam site, the White Salmon River flows through a narrow bedrock valley. November. Retrieved from http://www.yakamanationnsn.gov/history. Recent studies were undertaken in 2014 (Gimblett et al. Gunderson, L. H., C. R. Allen, and C. S. Holling, eds. Access restored to White Salmon River, successful Condit Dam removal November 5, 2012. Do current River Use Levels Threaten the Wild Salmon ORVs? Monitoring data from 2014 and 2016 suggest that the White Salmon River receives some of the heaviest recreational use of any nonpermitted river in the United States. The White Salmon is a one-hour drive east from Portland, a magnet for kayakers and rafters, and a potential haven for wild salmon that have teetered on the edge of extinction for nearly a century. Increased stresses such as increased boating use on the river may be detrimental and result in slowing down the rewilding and recovery processes. [8] Other habitat restoration activities continue on the White Salmon River and other tributaries of this river basin. The second, which is gaining wider appeal, involves assessment of eligibility and suitability for designation by interdisciplinary study teams that may incorporate local, tribal, county, and state governments, along with landowners, user groups, and other major stakeholders. The pre-dam average channel slope through the reservoir reach is about 0.009m/m (Figure 2d). However, in the wake of this collaborative effort a potential conflict of use has recently arisen; how much recreation use is too much, what level of use is sustainable, and what forms and levels of use have harmful effects on the river ecosystem and ultimately the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that are recovering? of the White Salmon River are high gradient seasonal streams created by snow and glacial run off. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1100. Lionel Adam. In fact, recreation may now be putting pressure on other system components – namely species and habitats that are known to be vulnerable to human disturbance. The Lower Deschutes River has daily and seasonal targets for boaters established by river segment. The principal focus was to better manage Special Use Permits to limit conflicts among visitors during high-use seasons. Foreman, D. 2004. Effect of hydroelectric dam operations on the freshwater productivity of a Columbia River fall Chinook salmon population. clip includes the dam’s history. Jackson, K. 2012. Their work showed that most visitors did not feel crowded on their trip. However, their protection involves potential conflict with other river uses, such as hydro- power, irrigation, and recreation (Poff et al. Northwest Power and Conservation Council (NPCC). American River’s clip shows 38 secs. Pacific Power’s 17-min. Along with the Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, they cosponsored the first engineering study with Paci- fiCorp that demonstrated that dam removal was an economically feasible option and were involved in negotiations throughout the entire process. Condit Dam was 125 feet in height. The Yakama Nation was a key player in the removal of the Condit Dam in 2011. Burns, R. C., A. R. Graefe, K. Robinson, and S. Woodruff. BioScience 47: 769–784. The Summer of 2012 was spent in the actual removal of the main dam structure and timber coffer dam. Ongoing mitigation and restoration efforts include sediment stabilization and re-vegetation of the newly exposed reservoir sediment (Greenworks and others, 2011; Inter-Fluve, 2013). Successful and illustrative examples of rewilding through decommissioning dams are unfolding on the Elwha River on the Olympic Peninsula in western Washington (East et al. The White Salmon River runs through a remote, rugged, and thriving wildland setting and is sustained by the human communities that live, work, and play there. The final blast dislodged the last part of the main wall of the drain tunnel and the reservoir behind it. With the White Salmon once again flowing freely into the Columbia River, migrating salmon and steelhead have only the Bonneville Dam just downstream from the confluence to overcome. 1:58. The opportunity for the boating community to float past the dam site and continue down to the Columbia River has prompted much interest. Salmon Habitat Assessment for Conservation Planning in the Lower White Salmon River, Washington. The Old Condit Powerhouse still stands as a historic/visual reminder when over 14.7 MW of hydro power was once produced along the White Salmon River. A. Stanford. River flows and water wars: Emerging science for environmental decision making. Rewilding may take the form of ecological restoration (Sandom et al. [4], On October 26, 2011, the Condit Dam on the White Salmon River was intentionally breached as part of the dam's decommissioning by PacifiCorp. In 1986, the lower White Salmon between Gilmer Creek and Buck Creek was designated wild and scenic based on the formal approach outlined above. Foundations of Ecological Resilience. 2009 White Salmon Wild and Scenic River Recreation Use Study: An Evaluation of River Use Patterns. J. Two principal avenues exist to determine eligibility. 1997) that allows for free-flowing conditions with variations in temperature, oxygen, and nutrients required for the primary productivity and trophic diversity essential to the functioning of aquatic habitats. Lower Deschutes River Management Plan Record of Decision. Beautiful place. Amazing river with an interesting history (the dam was removed in 2011, allowing the river to run free, which changed the topography). Condit Dam had been built in 1913 and by the 1970s, seven additional dam projects were being proposed along the White Salmon. We define river rewilding as the reestablishment of (1) instream aquatic and associated river-corridor terrestrial ecosystems; (2) upstream-downstream connectivity, especially for anadromous and other migratory fish; (3) hydro-geomorphological dynamics including fluxes of sediment, organic matter, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and other constituents; and (4) social-ecological values from a range of ecosystem services, including cultural values of indigenous peoples and recreation. Because fall Chinook salmon leave the White Salmon River shortly after they emerge, spawning and incubation are thought to be among the most critical stages for their life cycle in freshwater (Quinn 2005). Rafts and kayaks floating down the river while salmon are staging, selecting redd locations, and/or spawning, have been anecdotally recognized to cause displacement of fish from redds (SNF 1995). Report. US Department of Interior. In 2007, we met Pat Arnold and Jim Wells on the White Salmon River, 3 months after a report on removing the century-old Condit Dam.. Those management targets range from as low as 325 and 19,600 on river section 4 to the highest range on river section 2 of 1,700 and 74,100 (United States Department of Interior [USDI] 1993). However, sustained monitoring, enhanced participation of private land owners as well as other stakeholders, and active management consistent with protecting and enhancing the river as required under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act are needed to protect multiple ORVs. RANDY GIMBLETT is a professor at the School of Natural Resources and the Environment of the University of Arizona, Tucson. 1997. This approach is less formulaic than the conventional agency-based approach and often requires professional judgment, with input sought and documented from organizations and individuals familiar with specific river resources (US Department of Agriculture [USDA] 2011). National Wild and Scenic River System. Freeing the White Salmon River: Dam Removal, Climate Change, Fish, and Rafting on a Tribal Sacred River. When Condit Dam was built in 1913 it decimated the Pacific Salmon and Steelhead Fishery on the White Salmon River. In the case of the Elwha, although the dams were originally perceived to provide various social-ecological benefits to the surrounding region, the cultural and environmental benefits of removing and rewilding the river can ultimately outweigh costs. Washington, DC: Island Press. It perhaps even has an impact on other ORVs, such as the natural character of the gorge, Yakama cultural values, and return- ing salmon. Great White River Rafting. [7]. "[4] On the upper stretches of the White Salmon River near the Trout Lake Farming Community there are a few irrigation dams on the White Salmon River. Restoration of the Elwha River ecosystem. It provides food and water for people, farms, native plants and wildlife, and vital spawning grounds for native fish. 1999. In the face of increasing river use, the challenge is to make deliberate and well-informed decisions about what kind of place the White Salmon River should be for consistency with its wild and scenic river designation and the mix of recreation opportunities desired in the future. 2014. Helpful. 2015. In 2010, Burns et al. Two wooden fish ladders were constructed on Condit Dam in the early years, but were washed out with the flooding and high water on the river. Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. Chinook salmon will have access to an additional 12 miles of habitat upstream of the dam site, and steel- head (Oncorhynchus mykiss) will have access to an additional 33 miles of habitat (Northwest Power and Conservation Council [NPCC] 2004). The White Salmon River basin, from its headwaters on Mount Adams to the Columbia River. Dams also damaged native cultural and livelihood values on the river. The White Salmon River is located only 90 minutes from the Portland/Vancouver area. Similarly, visitors reported (mean = 4.70) that they saw approximately what they expected. Poff, N. L., J. D. Allan, M. A. Palmer, D. D. Hart, B. D. Richter, A. H. Arthington, and J. The 125-foot high dam was an impassable barrier and limited salmon and steelhead to only three river miles. White Salmon River monitoring study summer 2016. The dam has also blocked the upstream spawning migration of white sturgeon, although they still spawn in the Columbia River below Bonneville… 1995. Approximately 10,000 people float the popular Middle Fork of the Salmon River through the Frank Church – River of No Return Wilderness in Idaho on permitted trips (Middle Fork 2015). Within the drainage, Condit Dam lies approximately 5.3 km upstream from the Columbia River confluence. A new open bottom culvert was installed along Lakeview Road on Mill Creek in the Summer of 2016 for increased fish passage. Before the Condit Dam was constructed, the Yakama used to fish for salmon and steelhead on the White Salmon River, and its confluence with the Columbia is a traditional trading area (Washines 2011). Report prepared for Exploratory Grants, Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson. This designation was based on five ORVs (USDA 1991), although only one is needed for eligibility: The ORVs required were proposed by the USFS as the administering agency to “protect and enhance” the river’s free-flowing condition, water quality, and its ORVs. Assessment of the White Salmon watershed using the ecosystem diagnosis and treatment model. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71(4): 602–615. When Condit Dam was completed on the White Salmon River in 1913, it blocked salmon and steelhead runs and damaged the river's ecosystem. 2015. Native fish species, including Chinook salmon, now can return to a river they have not visited for nearly a century (Figure 3). 1994). During this part of 2016, more than 5,475 rafts, 2,911 kayaks, and 31,926 visitors were recorded and documented on the river (Gimblett 2016). The White Salmon River is more than a playground for whitewater enthusiasts. Bonneville does include fish ladders, although the large concentration of salmon awaiting their opportunity to swim upstream now attracts several California sea lions who prey on the fish. 2010. White Salmon River. Allen, M. B., and P. J. Connolly. The White Salmon Narrows (a.k.a 'Lower Lower' or 'Bottom') is a uniquely beautiful section of river known for it's Narrows below Steelhead Falls. Draft White Salmonsubbasin plan: Portland, Oregon, Northwest Power and Conservation Council. 69 Reviews #12 of 60 things to do in Hood River. Of multiple forms of impairment, damming rivers can have especially pernicious social-ecological effects. Reduced habitat quantity, reduced channel stability, and increased peak flow may also limit productivity of fall Chinook salmon in the White Salmon River (Allen and Connolly 2005). 2010. Middle Fork of the Salmon. In addition, we reflect on the importance of river monitoring data and scientific knowledge to aid in protecting ORVs. Langshaw, and T. N. Pearsons. To be eligible for designation as wild and scenic, a river must be free-flowing and possess one or more ORVs. Condit Dam, on Washington’s White Salmon River, blocked fish passage for nearly 100 years. In 2005, the upper river between the headwaters and the boundary of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest was added to the designation. US Department of Interior (USDI). He has been engaged in research work studying human-landscape interactions and their associated conflicts and public policies related to protection of special environments and environmental experiences for more than three decades; email: Gimblett@ag.arizona.edu. September. The 13.7-megawatt Condit Project, located on the White Salmon River in Skamania and Klickitat counties, Washington, was completed in 1913 and produced hydroelectricity for the paper industry in Washington and the growing communities in and near Portland. Lessons from Efforts to Rewild and Protect ORVs. As this rewilding is in process, social and ecological conditions continue to change. Specifically, for the  White Salmon, does recreational boating compromise salmon habitat? 2014. Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: River channel and floodplain geomorphic change. Cur- rent growth in river use (Figure 5) threatens the ability for the river to adequately rewild. The first is the conventional approach as established by federal agency or contract personnel, in which “[e]ligibility is based on an examination of the river’s hydrology, including any man-made alterations, and an inventory of its natural, cultural and recreational resources” (National Wild and Scenic River System 1999). Quinn, T. P. 2005. 2015). 2003). Gimblett, H. R. 2016. It may involve reintroducing large predators and keystone species and providing connectivity between core wilderness areas (Foreman 2004). Further dam… Hardiman, J. M., and M. B. Allen. Sawtooth National Forest (SNF), Sawtooth National Recreation Area (SNRA). Unpublished manuscript. Last October, 700 pounds of dynamite changed that. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Pacific Northwest Region. 2014). php. Yakama Nation history. With the breaching on Condit dam anadromous fish populations of salmon, steelhead, and Pacific lamprey once again swim upstream. Date of experience: June 2018. Rewilding. 2007. Location of the mouth of the White Salmon River in Washington, https://waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/uv/?site_no=14123500&PARAmeter_cd=00060,00065, "The Volcanoes of Lewis & Clark: April 14, 1806 Columbia River Gorge – Dog Mountain to Major Creek", "Spectacular Time-Lapse Video of Historic Dam Removal", https://ucdwa.org/mill-creek-fish-passage-project, https://www.columbian.com/news/2019/nov/19/pacificorp-yakama-nation-ok-land-deal-along-white-salmon-river/, The White Salmon River Runs Free: Breaching the Condit Dam, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Salmon_River&oldid=999896950, Wild and Scenic Rivers of the United States, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 14:15. Our analysis strongly indicates the need for improved postremoval management to ensure protection of ORVs. 2015. Columbia Riverkeeper’s 9-min. This case exemplifies how challenges to dam removal, such as a lack of data and scientific knowledge, dissent among stakeholders, and economic barriers can be successfully overcome and rewilding of the river can occur. Correspondingly, when asked how many people are in their group, the vast majority (90%) stated 15 people or fewer. The White Salmon River continues a steady recovery since the removal of Condit Dam, but uncertainties linger for some stakeholders through the river’s healing process. However, the construction of the system of dams throughout the basin has radically altered the salmon life cycle and, consequently, the lifestyle of the Native people who have historically relied upon them (Harnish et al. We address whether significant increases in one of the ORVs established under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act compromise the other values, and if so, whether it threatens river rewilding. 1994. On the White Salmon River, NOAA Fisheries are responsible for upholding the protection of endangered species such as Chinook salmon. 2015) and repeated in 2016 using remote cameras on the upper section of the river from BZ Corners to Husum. This case exemplifies how challenges to dam removal, such as a lack of data and scientific knowledge, dissent among stakeholders, and economic barriers can be overcome so that rivers can begin to be rewilded. A year after a dynamite blast punched a hole in the Condit Dam, the last remnants of the structure are gone and access restrictions on the White Salmon River are now lifted downstream of Northwestern Park. Recreational Use Levels on the White Salmon River. Washines, E. 2011. Bureau of Land Management. The Yakama Nation Main Agency Offices. Condit Dam Removal: Final SEPA Supple- mental Environmental Impact Statement (FSEIS). Collaboration between scientists and managers is necessary to guide sustainable river management that can balance the needs of these differing uses. Abstract: Dam removal is a major contribution to rewilding of rivers, through restoring riverine ecosystems; reconnecting upstream and downstream wilderness for fish, predators, and humans; and enhancing social-ecological resilience to climate change and other stressors.We report on the 2011 removal of the Condit Dam on the Lower White Salmon River, which had been declared wild and scenic … [10] Actual lands that were once under Northwestern Lake are still being discussed with the local cabin owners and PacificCorp on how to dispose of these lands in an equitable and fair manner. This river offers some of the best class III– IV rapids in a natural setting and it is runnable year-round. Washington State Department of Ecology. A. Bountry, C. S. Magirl, A. C. Ritchie. Relatively low gradient tributaries such as Trout Lake Creek enter the mainstem from the west. The principal tributaries of the White Salmon River include Trout Lake and Buck, Mill, Dry, Gilmer, and Rattlesnake Creeks.[6].

In late October, 2011, the White Salmon River in Washington state flowed again as the nearly 100-year-old Condit Dam was disabled with explosives. Indian Country Today. To put use levels on the White Salmon River in perspective, about 26,000 people raft the Colorado River from Lee’s Ferry to Diamond Creek each year on permitted trips (Jackson 2012), including both private and commercial users. On October 26, 2011, the Condit Dam on the White Salmon River was intentionally breached as part of the dam's decommissioning by PacifiCorp. The Yakama Nation Official Website. Condit Dam Removal, White Salmon River, Washington - Interfluve Condit Dam Removal, White Salmon River, Washington We developed the sediment management plan for breaching the 95-year-old, 125-foot-high Condit Dam located in southern Washington State. The Condit Hydroelectric Project, owned by PacifiCorp, includes 144-m long Condit Dam which is 38-m high, with a 38-m spillway. East, A. E., G. R. Pess, J. Abstract: Dam removal is a major contribution to rewilding of rivers, through restoring riverine ecosystems; reconnecting upstream and downstream wilderness for fish, predators, and humans; and enhancing social-ecological resilience to climate change and other stressors. The Condit Dam on the White Salmon River in the vicinity of Mount Adams in Washington State (Figure 1) was removed in 2011, largely for the purpose of reintroducing anadromous fish species back to the river (Washington State Department of Ecology 2007). 2003. 2010). The White Salmon is a glacier -fed river originating on the slopes of Mount Adams and emptying into the Columbia River. Most visitors indicated that it does matter if they see other groups while on the river, and it also matters if they must wait before starting their activity. In both cases, protecting and enhancing the free-flowing condition, water quality, and ORVs formed the basis for management of the wild and scenic river corridor. Although white-water rafting is economically important to many rural communities, it may have adverse effects during pre-spawn holding and spawning periods (Sawtooth National Forest [SNF] 1995; NOAA Fisheries 2003). The “new” section of river flowing to the Columbia from what used to be Northwestern Lake has been termed the “Lower Lower” section of the White Salmon River. White Salmon Outstandingly Remarkable Values. Share. The river is recovering, both socially and ecologically, after the removal of the Condit Dam. This river is an invaluable social, recreational, agricultural and … only dam between the White Salmon River and the ocean. 6 years ago | 2 views. Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Interagency Recreation Team: Recreation Report and Recommended Interim Strategies. Fisheries 19(8): 11–19. Caution is still advised as the rapids on the lower river are significant. A popular spot to launch a raft or kayak is the public put-in at the unincorporated community of BZ Corner. Subsequently, this was followed in 2005 by designation of a longer segment of the upper river between the headwaters and the boundary of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest. Browse more videos. The Condit was decommissioned largely to reintroduce anadromous fish to the river and involved collaboration among many interests. The Wild & Scenic River Study Process. Gimblett, H. R., C. A. Scott, and M. Hammersley. Harnish, R. A., R. Sharma, G. A. McMichael, R.B. MIA HAMMERSLEY is a student of the Indigenous Peoples Law and Policy Program at the James E. Rogers College of Law at the University of Arizona and completed a master’s of science in water, society and policy at the University of Arizona’s School of Natural Resources and the Environment; email: miahammersley@email.arizona.edu. In 2011, 700 tons of dynamite released the dam’s sediment and waters from Northwest Lake. 2015. According to the USDA (1991), “The plan will ordinarily be revised on a 10-year cycle, or at least every 15 years. As the most popular river in the Columbia River Gorge, the White Salmon is a top destination for boaters nationwide. When visitors were asked what type of experience they think should be provided, more than one-third (38%) reported undeveloped recreation. February. Condit Dam was breached in 2011, revealing tree stumps 98 years after the area was logged. Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Interagency Team. by RANDY GIMBLETT, CHRISTOPHER A. SCOTT, and MIA HAMMERSLEY. Follow. 69 Reviews #12 of 60 things to do in Hood River. Lower White Salmon: National Wild and Scenic River Management Plan. Fornander, D. E. 2008. These irrigation dams may be full/partial barriers to resident trout populations. In 1986, the lower White Salmon River was designated Wild and Scenic between Gilmer Creek and Buck Creek. We report on the 2011 removal of the Condit Dam on the Lower White Salmon River, which had been declared wild and scenic in 1986. (Issues July 2003.). Idaho Habitat Branch, Northwest Region. The event was a significant milestone for river restoration and dam removal. The 95 year-old project is located 5.3 km upstream from the confluence of the WSR and the Columbia River and is the only man-made Technical report of the Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers Coordinating Council. The Yakama culture and liveli- hoods are very closely tied to the salmon runs that have historically occurred throughout the Columbia River Basin (Columbia River Inter- Tribal Fish Commission 2014). River capacity should be formally examined to preserve and protect the ORVs established for the White Salmon River in the 1991 management plan and adequately maintain its status as a federally designated wild and scenic river. Full day whitewater tours will also take visitors rafting through the former Condit Dam/Northwestern Lake portion of the White Salmon River and to the Columbia River confluence. November. The Columbia River Inter- Tribal Fish Commission. During the summer of 2011 Pacficorp drilled and blasted a drain tunnel at the base of the dam. The Salmon River is located in Idaho in the western United States, also known as "The River of No Return. Dam decommissioning and removal is gaining acceptance with increasing implementation across the United States and globally, and can result in rewilding river ecosystems, which are indispensable to ensure lasting social-ecological resilience. Rewilding North America: A Vision for Conservation in the 21st Century. December. 2013. 2014. Condit Dam was 125 feet in height. Use levels are increasing, potentially threatening both the outstandingly remarkable values (ORVs) for which the river was designated and rewilding benefits set in motion by dam removal. Key Topics in Conservation Biology 2: 430–451. 2005. Linked to ecological processes is a range of human interactions with river systems, understood in social-ecological systems terms (Gunderson et al. During the summer of 2011 Pacficorp drilled and blasted a drain tunnel at the base of the dam. WHITE SALMON, Wash. -- On the shores of the White Salmon River, tree stumps pock the hillside. The breach allowed the river to flow unimpeded for the first time in nearly a century. With a viable population of Chi- nook salmon returning to the river and the Yakama Nation poised to reestablish its traditional salmon fish- ing practices, the question that can be asked is if the river is really being properly managed for the ORVs determined according to the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. In this article, we explore the challenges and barriers to rewilding the White Salmon River and discuss the ORVs that must be understood, negotiated, and managed for rewilding to be effective. Seattle: University of Washington Press. River flows (cubic feet per second) in the White Salmon River from August 1, 2011 to dam breach on October 26, 2011. The White Salmon River is used for whitewater boating nearly year-round. Effects of the Main Salmon River float boating activities on Snake River sockeye salmon and Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon, biological assessment (BA). With dam removal completed in Fall 2012 the above fish species listed once again have access to 33 miles of high quality habitat on the White Salmon River. There is concern among the federal land management agencies regarding effects of boating-related activities on recolonization and proliferation of endangered Chinook salmon (Hardiman and Allen 2015), an important concern in relation to ecosystem restoration. The dam, at river kilometer (rkm) 5.3, was breached in 2011 and completely removed by September 14, 2012. This river was rarely run until Condit Dam was removed in 2011 providing passage and river flows for rafters, kayakers, and fish. It is estimated that approximately 25,000 boaters, mostly in paddle rafts and kayaks, use the river each year. Visitors’ expectation as to how many other groups are acceptable to see during their trip was 5 times on average. In addition to the newly accessible habitat for fish, dam removal has opened5 more miles of recreational white- water boating in the former reservoir and bypass reach downstream of the former dam. Retrieved from http://www.critfc.org/member_tribes_overview/ the-confederated-tribes-and-bands-of- the-yakama-nation/. PacifiCorp, a utilities company that owns and operates Condit Dam, has proposed to decommission … Gurnee, Illinois 41 contributions 13 helpful votes. The White Salmon River is well known as a white-water rafting and kayaking destination (Figure 4). WHITE SALMON, Wash., U.S. 10/27/11 (PennWell) — With a muffled roar and a puff of pulverized concrete, PacifiCorp blasted open 14.7-MW Condit Dam on Oct. 26, ending nearly a century of power generation and opening 33 miles of Washington’s White Salmon River to steelhead and salmon migration. In late October, 2011, the White Salmon River in Washington state flowed again as the nearly 100-year-old Condit Dam was disabled. 1991. The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation. White Salmon River. The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout. The White Salmon River, between rkm 8 and rkm 20.4, is part of the National Wild and Scenic Rivers system (U.S. Forest Service 1991), and between its confluence with the Columbia River and rkm 5.3, it is included in the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area (Columbia River Gorge Commission 1991).

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