Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a Applicable. Equal opportunity and equal social outcome. (1996). Signs, 19(3), 630657. During this time more than ever, African Americans are able to speak on subjects that can affect us in the future. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A main aspect of marginalization. Ethics, 91, 431450. One of the biggest advantages of descriptive research is that it allows you to analyze facts and helps you in developing an in-depth understanding of the research problem. Moreover, to date, few minority legislators have been elected from districts that do not contain a high percentage of minority constituents. in or register, Mansbridge, J. Stella M. Rouse is assistant professor of government and politics at University of MarylandCollege Park. #1) Waterfall Model. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Despite of this diversity the American communities have been marginalized since forever. As Shaw and McKay, found out that the rates of crime were not evenly spread out across areas of the city, and around the city. By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. Comparing two schools within two separate districts instead of simply two schools in the city will add an additional layer of depth to this analysis, in that differences in the districts particular policies can be examined as to whether or not they contribute to the findings. This article will briefly describe each of these methods, their advantages, and their drawbacks. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. Martin, J. R. (1994). Your email address will not be published. Unless specified, this website is not in any way affiliated with any of the institutions featured. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. Descriptive statistics is a form of analysis that helps you by describing, summarizing, or showing data in a meaningful way. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. A contingent yes. Poli 220 Mid Term II Review Flashcards | Quizlet Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Compare the gains and losses of a proposal in the decision-making process. Return to Figure. October 2004. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Mink had been interested in fighting discrimination in education since her youth, when she opposed racial segregation in campus housing while a student at the University of Nebraska. Making your pros and cons list objectively can help weigh each pro and con against the others. The Politics of Local Presence: Is there a Case for Descriptive Representation? New York: Free Press. Thirdly, results of this research can change over the period of time. This form of representation is called descriptive representation. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. The actual empirical variation and the detailed characteristics of state feminism around the globe are different matters and not the topic of this chapter. Her work has appeared on various digital properties, including USAToday.com. When determining whether or not legislators are representing their constituents interests, scholars using voting studies may overstate the role of strategic factors, such as reelection goals and constituent influence, while understating the effect of descriptive characteristics. The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. $\endgroup . Nevertheless in a country where nearly 50% of Americans under 18 are minorities, the future looks quite hopeful for real change. Firms, boards and gender quotas: Comparative perspectives. Swain, C. M. (1993). The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. Other hybrid approaches have been suggested for visual-spatial and model-based reasoning. U.S Congress.docx - Surname 1 Name: Professor: Course: We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. ), Redistribution or recognition? This process allows you to understand that specific set of observations. From class actions to Miss Saigon. You might also like. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. New York: Routledge. The Pros And Cons Of Disney's "The Princess And The Frog" Descriptive representation as an intrinsic good Theories of descriptive representation also suggest that voters may value representatives of the same race as an intrinsic good, regardless of any (perceived) substantive representation that accompanies it. Previous Figure Next Figure. Descriptive representation A belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in such key demographic characteristics as race, gender, ethnicity, or religion Racial gerrymandering The drawing of a legislative district to maximize th chance that a minority candidate will win the election Veto Young, I. M. (2000). Cambridge: Polity Press. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics: How to Analyze Your Data List of the Pros of Experimental Research 1. Diagnostic analytics gives the reason why something happened. 1. State feminism and political representation. The Pros and Cons of Writing Description - Helping Writers Become Authors The descriptive characteristics of a representative can lull voters into thinking their substantive interests are being represented even when this is not the case. Representation: It ensures all the interests and views of the public are represented in the government. Politics & Gender, 1(4), 622637. The two main types of representation are descriptive and agency representation. What is Descriptive Analysis?- Types and Advantages - Analytics Steps MMP will give voters more power in their decisions as well as create the kind of democratic government Canada is in dire need of. Gender and discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Confidentiality is the primary weakness of descriptive research. I argue that race and ethnicity matter in congressional oversight of bureaucratic policymaking. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. The 113th Congress, has twenty-eight Hispanic U.S. 38 E Locust St, Mechanicsburg, Pa, The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. Descriptive Research Design - Methods, Advantages & Disadvantages Pearl Necklace for Women, 18K Gold Staion Neckalce Tin Cup Pearl Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. Here are the major reasons for using graphics to highlight the pros & cons: Show the pluses and minuses of specific options. West European Politics, 36(3), 447473. A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. 8. Pros and Cons List Template | Miro Reisel, L. (2014). While qualitative research may be hard to argue against because it involves numbers and tests, questions of the researchers motive and method often arise. Norris, P., & Franklin, M. (1997). Quantitative Methodology. Classic descriptive statistics include mean, min, max, standard deviation, median, skew, kurtosis. Cons. As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. The chapter discusses the costs and benefits of descriptive representation under state feminism in the light of institutional variation and the fact of reasonable normative disagreement. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. For minorities, America is not the land of the free. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. While Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. It is complicated: One of the major draw back of this system is that it is too confusing. Experimental research offers the highest levels of control. (1993). There are many different types of data presentation. The descriptive evaluation was proposed as opposed to traditional method of evaluation and it is based on new strategies for facing the government's challenges. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. Namely, the institutional design of the state legislature matters in terms of electoral responsiveness, with Florida and New Mexico the most responsive, and New York and the U.S. House the least responsive to the election of Latino legislators. 5 No. Princeton: Princeton University Press. In Atlanta, there are many places to go and sights to see such as: Cola-cola factory, Cabbage Patch Kids Factory, Under Ground Mall, the Zoo, Atlanta Braves Stadium, Six Flags Over Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, and the Atlanta Aquarium, are all in or near the city of Atlanta. Post- 2000 redistricting created more majority-Latino districts, although the absolute number of Latino legislators did not increase correspondingly. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The first disadvantage is that descriptive research requires more skills. Walby, S. (2011). 2 Winter 2014, Intersecting Interests: Gender, Race and Congressional Attention to Womens Issues, RETHINKING WOMEN'S SUBSTANTIVE REPRESENTATION. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Sloman (1985) has also argued the pros and cons of analogical representations, and has concluded that a variety of representation formalismsincluding those specialized for spatial reasoningare important to AI problem solving. Register or login to make commenting easier. Descriptive Approach Vs. Prescriptive Approach - The Classroom Michele L. Swers is associate professor of government at Georgetown University. Reading a hundred pages may not give any scope to make a decision. New York: Oxford University Press. Ethnic Heterogeneity Ethnic Heterogeneity also known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I consider to be one of the. Purpose. The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/9e28f580-0d1b-4d72-8795-c48329947ac2@1. Multicultural citizenship. Vibert, F. (2007). 3. Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation. Required fields are marked *. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. representation in the U.S. House of Representatives Advantages of Proportional Representation The main advantage of PR is that it makes sure that all the views of the public are represented. Copyright 2020 Chemtech Speciality India Pvt. While this observation highlights why it is impossible to include every subgroup all the time, it should not distract from the need of including ethnic and regional minorities in processes of decision-making, and certainly not be seen as a licence to exclude large groups of society. Descriptive Representation Descriptive representation refers to the election of racial and ethnic minor-ity members to policymaking bodies (Pitkin 1967). Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. This article examines theoretical expectations on the importance of descriptive representation. Strengths & Weaknesses of Descriptive Research - Synonym In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, African American representatives also began to enter Congress in increasing numbers. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. Creating a list that details both sides of the argument makes it easier to visualize the potential impact of your decision. Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation - SpringerLink A complete Idea: Such representation creates a clear and complete idea in the mind of the audience. Nimantran Patra In Marathi For Birthday, Delegation of tasks to others offers the following benefits: 1. As graphical representations are exhibited through numerical figures, tables, or graphs, it usually involves fewer errors and mistakes. The diversity of the country is not reflected in the U.S. Congress, whose current membership is approximately 80 percent male, 82 percent white, and 92 percent Christian. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Olsen, J. P. (2013). Advantages of Descriptive Research. (2014). Rallies and protests have emerged from incidents that dealt with racial profiling. Because of such instances, today, many political representatives attempt to practice descriptive representation which promotes racial unity. View the institutional accounts that are providing access. Descriptive vs Predictive vs Prescriptive Analytics | Key Differences For example, raw numbers may show that people are more prone to a specific behavior, but an interview will explain why this behavior is occurring. Caption. The family has visited numerous places throughout the United States, however, none are as memorable as Atlanta, Georgia. This is a lesson from the tutorial, American Congress and you are encouraged to log Young, I. M. (1990). (2002). Gender representation and quotas. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. The institutional basis of democratic accountability. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. Sawer, M. (2002). The mission of the fellowship is to support and advance academic and practitioner-scholars in their gender-related research. ), Representation and redistricting issues. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Christiano, T. (2012). The changing nature of European equality regimes. A theory of justice. This research could include the information on the raw numbers of people who buy the product, the demographics of the end user and the focus groups that ask for consumer feedback on the product. It is an Efficient Form of Government. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. In this contribution we distinguish the substantive and the descriptive approach of representation. Quota problems: Combating the dangers of essentialism. Representatives. Towards a European union gender equality index. Bone Conduction Headphones Pros and Cons - Descriptive Audio In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. Should representatives be typical of their constituents? 1992 also saw the rise of an increased participation of women in Congress, particularly Democratic women, and this number has increased steadily over the years. The closer assessment of pros and cons will. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons - Verint so that you can track your progress. https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, CC BY. Peter, F. (2011). Traveling is one of my familys favorite things to do. Firstly, I will discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation for MEM groups. Your email address will not be published. Descriptive Representation: Factors that Contribute to the Underrepresentation of Hispanic-Americans in The U.S. House of Representatives According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Hispanic population in the United States is fifty-four million. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. Google Scholar. Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. Pros & Cons of Existential Counseling . Rita Williams Garcia Net Worth, For example, if you are assembling a questionnaire, you might load the questions to direct the reader to answer a certain way. The purpose of this study is to examine the consequences of the level of descriptive representation of women in the National Parliament (NP) and European Parliament (EP) on the substantive representation of women. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ironic to think that is how one is taught to act but stereotypes are now bigger than ever right? Bigger or more populous countries, especially those that have many provinces or states and a diverse society need people to be represented adequately at all levels of governance. Norsk Statsvitenskaplig Tidsskrift, 13(3). The procedures involved with experimental research make it possible to isolate specific variables within virtually any topic. Hernes, H., & Skjeie, H. (1997). Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Descriptive Vs Inferential Statistics: Which Is Better & Why Representing consumer institutions: The case of American health planning. The predominant theory that descriptive representation improves a constituent's relationship with the state (Mansbridge 1999) has led to the study of how sharing a salient identity with one's representative positively affects attitudes toward government.In particular, political science has examined the effect of descriptive representation on political efficacy, a measure of trust and sense . Representing Diversity. In her successful 1970 congressional campaign, Bella Abzug (b) declared, This womans place is in the House the House of Representatives!. The representation of women in Australia: Meaning and make-believe. Proportional Representations Pros and Cons | APECSEC.org In B. Grofman et al. The Limits of Descriptive Representation Current Affairs terminology - What is the difference between descriptive and The pros: Its the best way to collect data without bias. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Tests: The Material and Tangible Effects of Descriptive Representation. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. View all access and purchase options for this article. The closest comparative system would be the representative republic, such as used in the United States. Arena Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Sognsveien 68, 0855, Oslo, Norway, You can also search for this author in Does Grading Matter In College? - TheBestSchools.org It is an Efficient Form of Government. Barry, B. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Pros and Cons of Proportional Representation Horizontal Communication to the people they represent. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Since feedback is a necessary component of first-class customer service and workforce optimization . 3. In each case, we find that in a given Congress, legislators are around 6-9 percentage points more likely to contact federal agencies on behalf of constituents with whom they share background char-acteristics, when compared to their nonveteran, male, or white . Disadvantages include the technical precision, time and funding resources necessary to create tables and graphs. Political Representation - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2001). The epistemic conception of deliberative democracy defended. Equal outcomes on an individual level would have implied that each and every individual got the same bundle of goods and burdens in question. The tyranny of the majority: Fundamental fairness in representative democracy. Voice, trust, and memory: Marginalized groups and the failings of liberal representation. PDF A Study of Strengths and Weaknesses of Descriptive Assessment from - ed Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise.
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