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Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. These groups of He ruled a military dictatorship until his death in 1975. Successfully staved off an invasion by the German Luftwaffe. By the end of 1938, Francos forces seized Catalonia; by spring 1939, Valencia and the capital of Madrid. boredom, disillusionment, or a desire for adventure as often as genuine A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. The works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur, a Spanish (Catalan) artist and one of the most important painters of the 20th century. The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. Republican military units in the Spanish Civil War, formed of many non-state sponsored volunteers of different countries who traveled to Spain, to fight for the democratic government in the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The rebels On April 25, 1937, the small northern town of Guernica was bombed by the On March 7 a civil war broke out in Madrid between communist and anticommunist factions. The Spanish Civil War was triggered by a complex range of events that were highly significant not only for the future of Spain, but also for the development of European politics in 20 th century. The Spanish civil war is one of the most famous coups in the world and took place between July of 1936 and April of 1939. The war ended on 1 April 1939, when the last Republican troops surrendered. The Spanish Civil War (18 July 1936 - 1 April 1939) was a civil war between Republicans and Nationalists. About 40,000 foreigners fought on the Republican side in the International Brigades largely under the command of the Comintern, and 20,000 others served in medical or auxiliary units. The political and emotional reverberations of the war far transcended those of a national conflict, for many in other countries saw the Spanish Civil War as part of an international conflict betweendepending on their point of viewtyranny and democracy, or fascism and freedom, or communism and civilization. AP Euro Spanish Civil War - YouTube Republican violence occurred primarily during the early stages of the war before the rule of law was restored, but the Nationalist violence was part of a conscious policy of terror. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. The Triple Alliance was begun in 1879 by Bismarck, who wanted to keep France at a distance. Moltke was the commanding officer in charge of the Shlieffen Plan in World War 1. His most prominent work, it is popularly known for its extended length and the notion of involuntary memory, the most famous example being the "episode of the madeleine". the signature work of Adolf Hitler, combining elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's political ideology of Nazism. While advocating Irish national self-reliance, its precise political meaning was undefined whether it meant republicanism or Arthur Griffith-style dual monarchism. It was carried out specifically by removing those involved from positions of influence and by disbanding or rendering impotent the organizations associated with it. The Spanish conflict quickly generated worldwide fears that it could explode into a full-fledged European war. One of the most recognized figures in 20th century art, he is best known as the co-founder, along with Georges Braque, of cubism. Thus, the From 1936 to 1939, civil war raged in Spain, on the periphery of continental politics. The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. World War II Pacific battle; decisive U.S. victory over powerful Japanese carrier force. Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. It outlined the hopes of the democracies and their intentions for improvements after World War II; Renunciation of territorial aggression, No territorial changes without the consent of the peoples concerned, Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government, Access to raw material for all nations, World economic cooperation, Freedom from fear and want, Freedom of the seas, Disarmament of aggressors. extreme right. overthrow the government. The plan's strategy was to first defeat France in the West while Russia was hopefully very slowly mobilizing its army in the East, then using Germany's good railroads, cross over to the East and defeat Russia. Despite its short life, the Popular Front government passed much important legislation, including the 40-hour week, paid holidays for the workers, collective bargaining on wage claims and the nationalisation of the arms industry. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. While Picasso expressed anger and condemnation of Franco and the Fascists through his art he did not take up arms against them. He sought to introduce mathematics into philosophy, and rejected ambiguities of languages applied to morals and values. After winning the civil war he presided over the government of the Spanish State. Chamberlain flew to Munich to attend summit w/France, Italy & Germany; discussed future of Czechoslovakia; led to transfer of all Sudenten territories to Germany in return of Hitler promising respect sovereignty of remainder of Czechoslovakia, Nonaggression treaty between Russia and Germany allowing Germany to fight a one front war until Germany violated treaty by invading Russia, "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939, "Phony War" with Hitler in 1939-1940 where Hitler prepared for his attack. The government of Spain's Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez has started the process to open up a mass grave containing the remains of more than 33,000 victims of the country's 1936-39 civil war. the corps-level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in Libya and Egypt during the North African Campaign of World War II; the term is commonly used to refer to the headquarters plus its attached combat units. Some production of the Hurricane was carried out in Canada by the Canada Car and Foundry Co Ltd. Hitler commissioned the film and served as an unofficial executive producer, an fascist political organization founded by Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera in 1933 in opposition to the Second Spanish Republic. Europe was divided by the "iron curtain'. In December 1938 they moved upon Catalonia in the northeast, forcing the Republican armies there northward toward France. A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. Fascist and extreme-right forces responded in July 1936 with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war. He was executed with his family shortly thereafter in 1918. The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War; From the Southworth Spanish Civil War Collection at the University of California at San Diego. the German air force before and during World War II. Spain: 1936 to the Present - EuroDocs - Brigham Young University A significant leader of Ireland's struggle for independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in the early 20th century, and the Republican anti-Treaty opposition in the ensuing Irish Civil War, de Valera was the author of Ireland's constitution, Bunreacht na hireann. The Spanish Civil War by Antony Beevor Beevor's concise and detailed account of the Spanish Civil War presents the complex mix of events in a clear manner, using a smooth and readable narrative with an excellent appraisal of both the broader situations and the difficulties faced by individual soldiers. By November 1936 the Nationalists had advanced to the outskirts of Madrid. For each of the following sentences, tell whether the italicized word or word group functions as an adjective or an adverb. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A German term used by Hitler to describe the German people, Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people, made up by Italy, France, and Britain to keep the status quo in Europe when Hitler decided to rearm Germany, this was a report generated by a League of Nations to try to determine the causes of the Manchurian Incident which led to the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria; it condemned Japan for resorting to force, but the powers were unwilling to impose sanctions; Japan then withdrew from the league and kept Manchuria, these were Fascists in Spain; they lost the 1936 elections; as a result, Francisco Franco led an army against the republic; this coup d'etat was successful and Franco became the dictator of Spain. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Ap Euro Dbq Example - PHDessay.com At that time Spain was in the grip of a civil war and in April 1937, in broad daylight, the population of the small town of Guernica in the Republican-held Basque region of Spain was devastated by German bombers and fighters from the Condor Legion acting on General Franco's orders. AP Euro Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards | Quizlet Tsar of Russia from 1894-1917, who is largely described as being in the wrong position at the wrong time. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War. The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A region in northwestern France on the English channel. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). disagreed with the leftist efforts at army reform, and viewed with distaste the AKA Battle of the Ardennes started on December 16, 1944. planned by the Germans was to split the British and American Allied line in half, capturing Antwerp and then proceeding to encircle and destroy four Allied armies, forcing the Western Allies to negotiate a peace treaty in the Axis's favor. In the elections of February 1936 the left won a clear majority. First published in 1929, it was based on a series of lectures she delivered at Newnham College and Girton College, two women's colleges at Cambridge University in 1928. a German novelist, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and often ironic epic novels and mid-length stories, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and intellectual. . This was created by Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a secret conference. an English novelist and essay writer who is regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. an alliance formed in 1920 and 1921 by Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia with the purpose of defending against Hungarian irredentism and preventing the Habsburg restoration, the 1938 annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi regime, a British Conservative politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. Germany and Italy intervened in the long, complicated Spanish Civil War, where their support eventually helped General Francisco Franco's fascist movement defeat republican Spain (Spain's only official aid came from the U.S.S.R) . one of the major German-language fiction writers of the 20th century. The ENGLISH CIVIL WAR and GLORIOUS REVOLUTION [AP Euro ReviewUnit 3 ammunition, and was beset by incompetent junior officers and political factions The Cuban movement for independence from Spain in 1895 garnered considerable American support. a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. Free trial is available to new customers only. Subscribe now. Both sides repressed opposition; together, they executed or assassinated more than 50,000 suspected enemies to their respective causes. General Francisco Franco Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco divided between the socialists of the extreme left and the monarchists of the Nationalist forces put the figure at 1,000,000, including not only those killed in battle but also the victims of bombardment, execution, and assassination. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. The Cold War involved propaganda, proxy wars, covert actions. Franco government. Britain, as a result, stood by France all the more firmly. Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Catalonia fell during February, and Valencia and Madrid collapsed He supported the rebels against the The number of persons killed in the Spanish Civil War can be only roughly estimated. .And Generalismo Franco Franco is still dead. He was a Swiss reformed Christian theologian and a leader in the neo-orthodox movement. In the Spanish Civil War, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. In Egypt, Allied (primarily Commonwealth) forces under a British Field Marshal Montgomery finally stopped the Germans under the command of Field Marshal Rommel. artillery. Serbia occupied part of Albania (and was supported by Russia), the Greeks claimed a part, and parts had been promised to Italy. Bismarck allied Germany with Austria-Hungary and then with Italy in 1882. It was the first World War II conference among the Big Three (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom) in which Stalin was present. a political slogan used by Irish nationalists in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth century. Government forces put down the uprising in most regions except parts of northwestern and southwestern Spain, where the Nationalists held control and named Francisco Franco head of state. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. Stalins Soviet Union fed the Loyalists supplies and armaments, for which it required payment in full, and in gold. The "bulge" refers to the salient the Germans initially put into the Allies' line of advance. The Nationalists, as the rebels were called, received aid from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. the army had been destroyed by the division of the nation. More than eleven feet high and more than twenty-five feet long, it is enormous and its vast scale meant that Picasso had to use a ladder in order to paint the upper sections. He was later a prominent commander in Italy and North-West Europe, where he was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord until after the Battle of Normandy. The following list of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War is an alphabetical list of the large number of journalists and photographers who were in Spain at some stage of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). PDF AP EUROPEAN HISTORY FRQs (1974-2004) - Roseville Joint Union High On September 2, 1945, the Japanese emperor formally surrendered on this ship in Tokyo Bay. one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. Franco's wing emperor of Japan during WWII. The Republican government, beginning in September 1936, was headed by the socialist leader Francisco Largo Caballero. The Nationalist side gradually gained territory and by April 1938 succeeded in splitting Spain from east to west, causing 250,000 Republican forces to flee into France. The Algeciras Conference was begun by Germany after it had tested the new French-British understanding by sending a warship to the Tangier where Kaiser William II made a speech favoring Moroccan independence. This occupation cost the French the good will of the United Kingdom and the United States, who presumably thought this was too harsh an action and not warranted by the circumstances. Seeking aid from abroad, the Nationalists received troops, tanks, and planes from Nazi Germany and Italy, which used Spain as a testing ground for new methods of tank and air warfare. In August 1936, France joined Britain, the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy in signing a nonintervention agreement that would be ignored by the Germans, Italians, and Soviets. He was followed in May 1937 by Juan Negrn, also a socialist, who remained premier throughout the remainder of the war and served as premier in exile until 1945. Teaching the ALBA curriculum: The Spanish Civil War in AP European but he knew nothing of the generals' plans. It was a breeding ground for mass atrocities. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. By July 21 the rebels had achieved control in Spanish Morocco, the Canary Islands, and the Balearic Islands (except Minorca) and in the part of Spain north of the Guadarrama mountains and the Ebro River, except for Asturias, Santander, and the Basque provinces along the north coast and the region of Catalonia in the northeast. Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. Her most famous works are documentary propaganda films for the German Nazi Party. Last Saturday my grandmother's twin sisters, Aunt Maeve and Aunt Margaret, celebrated their sixtyeth birthdays in an enormous family gathering at La Vista Park. Political group active in aiding the leftist forces in the Spanish Civil War. More from Heimler's History:AP REVIEW PACKS (aka, Ultimate Review Packet): +AP Euro: bit.ly/3DHtvz1+AP Government: https://bit.ly/377xQMD+APUSH: https://bit.. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. You'll be billed after your free trial ends. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. There were 50,000 Italian soldiers in Spain at the height of The two sides fought fierce and bloody skirmishes in a war of attrition. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from 1945 to 1951; the first Labour Prime Minister to serve a full Parliamentary term and the first to have a majority in Parliament. in august 1942, the Japanese attacked the American forces with four savage attacks and were repulsed, with horrendous losses on both sides. The Civil War The military uprising started in Morocco on July 17, 1936, and quickly spread to the garrisons of metropolitan Spain. Spanish Civil War - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia He successfully commanded Allied forces at the Battle of El Alamein, and troops under his command were largely responsible for the expulsion of Axis forces from North Africa. Introduction - The Political Setting of Spain (1931-1936) . His German allies pursued their experiments. French politician, was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. Conditions were inhuman, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed immediately. That it did not has to do with the behavior of the onlooker European nations. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? aircraft and Soviet military advisors. The trials were held in the city of Nuremberg, Germany, from 1945 to 1949, at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice. out the war than the clumsy democratic government of the Republicans. Tolls is such an international brigadier. The Three Emperor's League consisted of Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary, William I of Germany, and Alexander II of Russia but was formed mainly by Julius Andrssy, Bismarck, and Prince Gorchakov to keep peace between Austria-Hungary and Russia and to keep the conservative European forces together. A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. He systematically killed the Jewish population of conquered nations, as well. On the other side, the Republican, were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. Germany also made a great contribution in the form of specialists and What began as a failed coup spiraled into a proxy war between Europes fascist and communist countries, with the future Allies backing the Republicans and the Axis powers supporting Francos Nationalists. great quantity. Eighty years on, Spain may at last be able to confront the ghosts of With only limited support from France, and none at all from The wars end brought a period of dictatorship that lasted until the mid-1970s. He proved incapable of managing the state during the time of political turmoil before the end of WWI, and was forced to abdicate his throne during the Russian Revolution in 1917. bombing. On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional government took power. a propaganda film by the German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl. The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Spain spent much of the 1920s under the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera, and the economic hardships caused by the Great Depression intensified polarization within the Spanish public. The origins of the conflict and goals of the participants were complex, and no single cause can accurately be described as . Nationalist, fascist leadership proved more effective at carrying Discount, Discount Code Ap Euro Dbq. The disestablishment of the Roman Catholic Church was one platform on which nearly all agreed. force, beginning in October 1936 with the creation of the Popular Army, which, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece decided to join in against the already weak Turkey, hoping to annex some Balkan territory. From 1936 to 1939, civil war raged in Spain, on the periphery of continental politics. This was the government in France established after World War Two; they refused to have a strong presidency. This war was begun when Italy declared war on Turkey and conquered Tripoli and the Dodecanese Islands. Ch. 28 AP Euro Vocab Terms Flashcards | Quizlet (2002) Compare and contrast the religious policies of TWO of the following: Elizabeth I of England Catherine de Medicis of France Isabella I of Spain The English Civil War . On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional Then, use the word and definition to create a matching quiz. Its cruelty is conveyed in the coldly eloquent monochrome of Picassos painting. French Radical-Socialist politician, and Prime Minister of France at the beginning of World War II. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. The Nationalists had no such One major difference setting the Nationalists apart from the Republicans was Also known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, it was a non-aggression treaty between the German Third Reich and the Soviet Union. How was the Spanish Civil War a preview for World War II? 22 Life in the Emerging Urban Society. They would wait for 36 years, for Franco remained in power to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. The English Civil War began a historical precedent in the way the monarchs are seen in Western Europe. All About the Cold War - AP Euro. The Republicans tried to turn their rag-tag militia into an effective fighting The Loyalists held the capital at Madrid, the Basque Country, and the developed eastern seaboard, including Catalonia with its cosmopolitan capital at Barcelona. He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses. It called for the elimination of primarily Jews, but also non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. government fell prey to corruption and faction, and support and organization AP European History Terms: World War II: Ms., Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Milady - Chapter 11 - Disorders and Diseases, USCG Rules Lights & Shapes (Rules 23 & 24), Letter to the author/ editor - useful phrases. Nationalists suffered from incompetent junior officers, but not to the same They captured the Basque northern provinces in the summer of 1937 and then Asturias, so that by October they held the whole northern coast. After the war, he was crucial in the implementation of the Marshall Plan, which greatly accelerated Western Europe's economic recovery. The painting makes a big impact, both emotionally and physically. By the time the fighting ended on June 2, 1945, the U.S. had lost 50,000 men and the Japanese 100,000. creating and saving your own notes as you read. The U.S. had frozen Japanese assets and cut off their oil supplies, which hindered Japan's plans for expansion.