Giant Pink Bunny Google Maps Location, Machus Red Fox Bloomfield Hills, Michael Turner Obituary, Was Jackie Really Pregnant On Roseanne, Dog Genetics Calculator, Articles P

Mr. Wade's roots in Port Tobacco date to the 17th century. e-mail: mdmanual@maryland.gov. 1967. ", At Murphy's Store, just outside the town limits, "You'd be surprisedhow many people come in here looking for Port Tobacco," said Paul Goldsmith, a regular on the store's liars' bench. The watery graves of Christ Church, Port Tobacco, Maryland Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-D.C.) introduced a bill for a memorial to Africans brought to the towns waterfront in the 1700s. The whole revenue of the State will then be applied to the'payment of the principal and interest of themain debt, and it is confidently expected that| it will, by the sure operation of the SinkingFund, be paid within fifteen years. Sun. 7.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 15.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 0.0% were from 25 to 44; 30.8% were from 45 to 64; and 46.2% were 65 years of age or older. . 1952. The society runs a small courthouse museum and sells $3 Port Tobacco squeeze bottles and other trinkets. Sotterley also invites school groups for visits and donates thousands of pounds of produce potatoes, tomatoes, zucchini and other vegetables from its working farm to food pantries throughout the area. H. H. Stuart, of Virginia, has.| accepted the appointment of Secretary of theInterior, and thus becomes one of the Cabi- |net.! View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. 1909, April 6. Original Artwork: Taken from Mr. It was a tobacco farm until the mid-20th century, and after that a sheep and hay farm, as well as a country retreat for the wealthy families that owned it. We often view the Catholic Church as a northern church, an immigrant church. 1903, Sept. McDonough Institute (1903-1927) opened, first school in County to offer high school education. Exploring Maryland's Roots: Investigate a Slavery Timeline: Help 1958, Sept. Charles County Junior College opened with evening classes at La Plata High School. The ships usually sold directly to plantations. Kayakers on Port Tobacco Creek, in Charles County, Maryland, recently found a pair of very old coffins floating downstream. 5161; Amenities: Basketball Court; Volleyball Court; Categories: Recreation Centers; Recreation Facilities; Recreation Center Monthly Calendar. Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. So priests baptized the children of the enslaved, blessed their marriages and required the people they owned to attend Mass, Jesuit records show. The early immigrants to Port Tobacco were products of the religious turmoil in England. British troops, under Maj. Gen. Robert Ross, disembarked at Benedict for attack on Washington, DC. The first slaves arrived in Maryland in 1642 and by 1694 persons of African descent, and their descendants, could be enslaved throughout the colony. 7539 Silverthorne Ct, Port Tobacco, MD 20677 - Zillow is concerned, she being fearful of an as; sauli from him. 2017 Regional Hughesville Campus, part of College of Southern Maryland, opened. Acquired by St. Marys County Government in 2000, this site has been designated as an important and significant symbol of education in St. Marys County to be preserved and interpreted within the Museum Division of the St. Marys County Department of Recreation and Parks. After a tornado destroyed the building in 1808, they held a lottery and ultimately financed a new brick structure, which was rededicated in 1827. Charles Calvert, 3rd Lord Baltimore, for protection of Piscataway from Susquehannock and Seneca. During the Civil War, Port Tobacco sympathized with the Confederacy. The projects impact. The property also has an exhibit that describes the working farm, and lists the names of the enslaved people who lived there. [10], Areas along the waterways of present-day Maryland were inhabited for thousands of years by various cultures of distinct indigenous peoples. In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 13.3% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.0% who were 65 years of age or older. Deforestation eroded the land. Thei accounts of the destruction by the rot fromsome sections are most disastrous and melancholy. After which the |vast crowd gave three cheer?, anti left for Ii their homes.IIntrepid a*nd Humane. )Louis Philippe died on the 2Gih of August, |at Claremont. We always find in.this monthly something rich, and worthI reading and looking at. He escaped to Upper Canada in 1830 and founded a settlement and laborers school for other fugitive slaves in Kent County, Canada. I dont think she had a clue that it was going to blossom the way it did.. We change ourquotations of common Tobacco to correspond withsales, and quote common Maryland $4a4.50; goodcommon $4.50a5; brown $4 a6; and fine brown$6.50 a 10. Four others in town were killed and nearly forty injured. ARTHUR I>. Website by Alchemi Design / Site Map, The Religious Freedom National Scenic Byway, African American Heritage Brochure & Map , Historic Burial Ground of Enslaved People on Serenity Farm, African American graveyard can be visited at Serenity Farm in Benedict, Maryland. Sotterley Mission Statement: To preserve our historic structures and natural environment and use the powerful stories of our land, lives, and labor to bring American history to life while serving as an educational and cultural resource., Sotterley Vision Statement: To foster a better understanding of our world today by providing a living link to Americas complex history and legacy of slavery.. Our History Patuxent Friends Monthly Meeting It, With its examination of how the legacy of slavery continues to shape life in the United States, the project started in-depth conversations, Since its launch, the 1619 Project has expanded to include, Erin Brown, via Jesuits Slavery, History, Memory, and Reconciliation Project. St. Ignatius Catholic Church near Port Tobacco, oldest continuously active parish in nation. It took a 1945 article in a historical journal to awaken Marylanders to Port Tobacco's past glories and future promise as a restored town. Accessibility | His name was Mathias de Sousa and he was one of the original colonists to arrive on the Ark in 1634. Its name also referred to what became the colony's chief export commodity crop. Maryland institutionalized the enslavement of Africans at the same time they were being shipped to this section of the Potomac Valley from St. Mary's City, Port Tobacco, and Virginia. I heard Stef| fanoni sing it last night, but the Linds was! I have spent nearly five years poring over 18th and 19th-century records scattered in archives, courthouses and historical societies in Washington, D.C., Maryland and Louisiana to illuminate the lives of these families. To know that history, and to see my mother unfold it piece by piece, was sometimes overwhelming, said Martin Callum, 68. Born into slavery on June 15, 1789 in Charles County, Maryland, he was sold three times before the age of eighteen. Lowndes owned Tudor Place, one of the toniest mansions in tony Georgetown. Mathias became a mariner and fur trader. The adjourned meeting of the Maryland Editorial Con- !|vention is announced to take place in the'city of Baltimore on the fourth Tuesdayi and 22J day of October next.1Interesting from Texas. The Secretary of S ate received on Friday the following Telegraphic despatch from the Co'lec-!or ai New Orleans, communicating information of a much more pacific state of thingsin Texas, than lias been rumored and anticipated : JS'ui. [17] Local slaves were freed following Maryland's adoption of a new Constitution on November 1, 1864 (the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 did not apply to states which remained in the Union). Search the Manual ", The town government was reactivated in 1978 and now meets "supposedly once a month," Mayor Wade said. New Courthouse at Port Tobacco constructed. Port Tobacco River, at the head of the bight, has depths of 7 feet for 1.6 miles and thence 5 to 3 feet for another 1.3 miles. He personally managed the imprisonment of hundreds of Africans through three Middle Passages. Documents show Yarrow worked for Robert Peter, who bought Tudor Place from the Lowndes family, and Yarrow probably had worked for Lowndes as well. Later the English adapted the Potapoco name as Port Tobacco. A town coach painter, George A. Atzerodt, was hanged for complicity in Abraham Lincoln's assassination. 1809, Sept. 27. It isdesigned for Augusta, Georgia.Corn. The supply of Corn, especially of yellow, has been very light throughout the week:Prices are steady, the sales of white being at 56 u59 cts.. and of yellow at 58 aGO cts. Matthew Henson was an American explorer best known as the co-discoverer of the North Pole with Admiral Robert Edwin Peary in 1909. MLS # MDCH2020766 [19] A small portion of the town's square incorporated in 1888 as Port Tobacco Village,[7][8] a move that may have signaled an effort by the community to reverse its decline, but new communities eventually sprang up along the railway and prospered, including the town of La Plata which succeeded Port Tobacco as the county seat in 1895. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.16 square miles (0.41km2), all land.[26]. Theadvantage which a phrenological physicianlias in his own intercourse with a nervouspatient, consists not merely in the clearerview which he obtains of the nature of thedisease, but in the facilities which he possesses for working upon the sound facultiesof the mind, and removing all objects calculated to rouse those which are morbidlyUsccptible. John Wilkes Booth (1838-1865) assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, DC, escaped with accomplice David E. Herold (1842-1865), through Prince George's and Charles counties en route to Virginia. My Research Into the History of Catholic Slaveholding Transformed My Understanding of My Church. Potomac River Bridge renamed Governor Harry W. Nice Memorial Bridge. Mallows Bay historic ship graveyard designated Mallows Bay-Potomac River National Marine Sanctuary by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The town grew as it became a major port for the tobacco trade, with exports transported by ocean-going sailing ships. Charles County created by order in council. A lot of 1500 bushelsblue stem white Wheat, of excellent quality, fromthe farm of Dr. K. S. Sleuart, of Anne Arundelcounty, was sold on Wednesday at 120 cts. Matthew Henson died in New York City in 1955. Because of its unique history, the area is "one of the richest archeological sites in Southern Maryland. fort on the Maine. Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. (Port Tobacco, Md B Cash will be required from per*sons purchasing the negroes with the purpose of taking them out of the adjoining! Larger merchant vessels were unable to use the former seaport; as a result, commercial activity at the port had dwindled by the time of the Civil War.[18]. A cousin on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts routed the ships. Transactions commonly took place on the ships for security reasons because they functioned as prisons. Most of the exhibits, events and renovations at Sotterley hark back to Agnes Kane Callums work, Jan Briscoe said. Over the course of the next 230 years of slavery's existence in Maryland, 22 counties were formed, defining the boundaries of one of the 13 original colonies. The Library of Congress > Chronicling America > Port Tobacco times, and Charles County advertiser. port tobacco, md slaverygeorgia foraging laws. Following a 12-day manhunt, Booth was shot and killed on April 26, 1865 near Port Royal, Virginia. Port Tobacco incorporated. Courthouse completed at La Plata. Maryland did not begin as an official slave state, although the founders were possible slave traders. Come walk the paths of these remarkable people and help us all to remember them. Port Tobacco Genealogy (in Charles County, MD) Restored Charles County Courthouse, Port Tobacco, Maryland, April 2001. Port Tobacco Village, Maryland - Wikipedia With its examination of how the legacy of slavery continues to shape life in the United States, the project started in-depth conversations about how American history is taught and written. The decline was exacerbated by the completion in 1873 of a nearby Baltimore and Potomac Railroad line to Pope's Creek which bypassed Port Tobacco and ran further south to another port directly on the Potomac River. The 2,044 sq. The only state highway serving Port Tobacco is Maryland Route 6. A light and daybeacons mark the channel. Forced labor and the profits derived from the sales of people helped to sustain the clergy and to finance the construction and the day-to-day operations of churches and schools, including the nations first Catholic institution of higher learning, the college known today as Georgetown University. Thomas Stone (1743-1787), signer of Declaration of Independence, born at "Poynton Manor.". Alex. The town incorporated in 1888, but in 1895 the county seat moved to nearby La Plata, which drew population away but left the town with its historic significance intact. This is Port Tobacco. 183 t. Reg. The tour guides would skip over the fact that the farm had used slave labor, Briscoe said. Port Tobacco Village, Maryland - History Peter Hawkins at Saint Stanislaus, circa 1905. On April 6, 1909, Peary, Henson and the rest of their team made history, becoming the first people to reach the North Pole. There were 7 housing units at an average density of 43.8 per square mile (16.9/km2). [13] Catholic parish records identified Indian families through the decades, when civil records began to use only designations of free people of color, colored, or Negro for mixed-race persons, thus failing to record their cultural identification. He wrote on LinkedIn about his dads job loss. Anderson Hepburn, a colored man, at Alexandria, V hasrescued G7 persons from death by drowning. 1750. The safer [(resumption for you to arrive at, will be that what you have is asgood, if not belter than that of others, andthat it behoves you to gallantly enter thelists of competition : if defeated honorably,|and the high character of the Judges is a: guarpuiy that you can be defeated in no oth; er way, you will enjoy the luxury of knowing, dial others were more entitled to success than yourself.\ ul while we address, you to bring sucharticles as are properly in your department,we crave permission to solicit your interest,to induce your wives and daughters to bringwhatever appertains to their peculiar departments, as embroidery, household manufactures, the products of the dairy, and ofi the poultry yard, preserves, domestic wines,confections ; and above all thing?, to comethemselves, as without woman, and the beautiful elaboration of her taste and genius, no, display can be perfect.i The Manufacturers of agricultural implements and tools , we would say, that interest and patriotism, both combine to enjoin upon you the propriety of making agrand exhibition of your machinery of all:kinds, as from our present advices we are; led to believe that the assemblage of farmersand planters, and of distinguished strangersfrom most of the Slates ol the Union, willbe greater than upon any former occasionhere or elsewhere. This was a time when slavery was . 1896, June 28. It has probably adjourned beforethis. Briscoe, the former speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates who has since died, had himself grown up in nearby Leonardtown, with its legacy of discrimination, said his daughter, Jan Briscoe. which continued during the night with muchviolence, and lie expired at S oclock onMonday morning, in presence of the Queenand family, among whom were the Duchess| of Orleans, Count de Paris, Duke de Chartres, Duke and Dutches de Nemoues, Prince1 and Princess de Joinville, Duke and Dutch- ies de Aumale, Dutches Augusta of Sax Coburg, and tltc other attendants of the Royalfamily.OUR TABLE.Holden's Hollar Magazine. (Port Tobacco, Md.) They used their newfound alliance to get Sotterley named a National Historic Landmark in 2000. Tri-County Council for Southern Maryland created. The total inspections this year aro30,638 hhds. The oldest continuously operating Catholic parish in the United States, the complex has been designated as a National Historic Landmark and is part of the Religious Freedom Maryland Scenic Byways route. But John Briscoe, who had also been a St. Marys County Circuit Court judge, was involved in helping to pass some early civil rights legislation in Maryland, his daughter said. Recruited by former US Army captain Thomas Jordan, later promoted to Confederate general, she took over his network in early 1861. Josiah Henson was an author, abolitionist, and minister. CIETY.We desire that you should bear in mind,that on the 23d, 24th and 25th days of October, your Society will hold its annual Ex- 1hibition and Fair, at the City of Baltimore ;;and we appeal to you, one and all, to bringthereat portions of your slock, the productsof your orchards , and your gardens. Inscription. Descendants of slaves and slave owners discover legacy of Marylands Sotterley Plantation, His bank card was declined. It has a dirt floor, a simple pallet bed and low stairs leading to an attic space, alongside plaques that help visitors imagine life for an estimated dozen people in the tiny space, about 16 by 18 feet. CONTACT US / *(recent investigations indicate Peary's team may not have reached actual North Pole). We hadheard her voice described as a throat voice,under astonishing management ; but hertones come from her chest, as sonorouslvas they do from the gigantic Marini.! 11, 1850. \e.FOR RENT,(1 LY.MONT FARM, with Stock and Agrieul-tuial Implements.sep 4 at. Still, Port Tobacco remained a way station on the Williamsburg-to-Philadelphia stagecoach route, tobacco money built stately 18th-century town houses, and the courthouse hummed with activity. The . Vincent Jameson, 56, who attended the one-room school when it was for blacks only, still farms an acre of tobacco in town and hangs the leaf in an old roadside barn. Its a shame it came to this, but D.C. should rewrite its criminal code, Google releases civil rights review, caving to years of pressure. Iwould not, had 1 the last twenty years tolive over again, tike I,OOO a year and bewithout my phrenological knowledge. DrA. It is entitled Greet- jing to America.! Fast forward to 1994, and John Hanson Briscoe, a descendant of Sotterleys last slave-owning family, joined the Sotterley board. The profound history of African Americans resonates throughout the three counties of Calvert, Charles and St. Marys. 9905 Poorhouse Rd, Port Tobacco MD, is a Single Family home that contains 1680 sq ft and was built in 1963.It contains 3 bathrooms.This home last sold for $199,000 in February 2023. Their deeply felt convictions were powerful influences in Maryland's history. 2019, July 8. Zekiah Fort established east of present-day Waldorf near Piney Branch by Gov. Onj Monday sales were made of ordinary to good redaat 89 a 95 cts., and good to prime at 95 a 103 cts;of white Wheats at 100 a 108 cts., and of familyflour white at 110 a 115 cts. [Race/Related is available as a newsletter. A year after the Civil War ended, Matthew Henson was born on August 8, 1866 to freeborn African American sharecroppers in Charles County, Maryland, and he was believed to be great-grandnephew of Josiah Henson. The first county seat of Charles County, it was a seaport with access to the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean. 7715 Locust Pl , Port Tobacco, MD 20677-2043 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $775,000. During the Civil War, Port Tobacco became known as a stronghold of Confederate sympathizers, although Union troops occupied the town. Large purchases of the common qualitieshave been made on Eastern account at an advance*of about 25 cents over previous prices. In ,1810 it was only 23,200.Cheap Postage. "The town of Port Tobacco is kind of small, all right," Mr. Jameson said. Download the Paper Slaves in Southern Maryland harvesting tobacco. Theyre trying to keep their mothers legacy going, Briscoe said. "It keeps it quiet and peaceful down there. Port Tobacco began to decline for a variety of reasons: the railroad industry, La Plata becoming the . Yarrow was known to the respectable families of Georgetown, and, sadly, slave trader Lowndes was part of one. The database identifies only 10 ships for North Potomac. The grave and discreet Boston Advertiserthinks that if Jenny Lind is as sensible ashe is accomplished, she must, mentally atleast, say of the adoration which has beenpaid to her since her arrival into this country, as Queen Elizabeth said to the provincial authorities w ho waited upon her in oneof her journeys through the kingdom. Lord, what fool? "Just about everybody knows everybody and looks out for everybody. The theory lacks direct evidence to support it and overlooks major historical complexities. In 2021, some board members at the University of North Carolina reportedly opposed her appointment to tenure positiondue to her involvement in the 1619 Project. 1781, Nov. 5 - 1782, Nov. 3. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.4 males. Enslaved house servants had to have experience and speak English. The English developed a small village about 1634 on the east side of the Port Tobacco tributary. Learn more, Image provided by: University of Maryland, College Park, MD. Complimentary light refreshments will be served. This periodical presentsin its monthly visits a variety of useful matter. 1863, Aug. Camp Stanton established at Benedict to recruit and train African Americans for Union Army. African American Experience - Destination Southern Maryland As the Maryland colony grew, farmers discovered that selling tobacco to England was a good way to make money. of OCTOBER next, ail the,personalproperty of deceased, consisting ofHousehold and Kitchen Furniture, Farmj ing Utensils, and Stock , consisting offour Males, Uco yoke of Oxen,. The colonial Maryland legislature authorized a town and tobacco port at Bealltown on the Anacostia River. Dr Higgins, theStale Agricultural Chemist, discharged his ,duly in a creditable manner; and GeorgeWashington Parke Custis, Esq , who w T ascalled out by the happy appeal of JosephH. Father Tim Kesicki holds a document of slave sales recorded in 1832 inside of St. Ignatius Catholic Church in Port Tobacco, Md. The rehabilitation of the George E. Rice House and outbuildings provides an important aspect of interpreting the African American history of the site; they illustrate early to mid-20th century small-scale farming, as well as the role of African Americans as landowners and tenant farmers. Ms. Hannah-Jones, who won a Pulitzer Prize in 2020 for the projects opening essay, has faced backlash from conservative groups over her work. The Rich-!mond Enquirer of the 10th inst, says :i i*-"* *i grille rain which visited us so abundantly on Saturday, extended throughout thetobacco region of the State, it will prove,wc fear, most disastrous in its effects. James H. Johnston is a writer, lecturer and lawyer. 1849. Father Andrew White of the Jesuits established a mission in 1641 and later a church at what became St. Thomas Manor at Chapel Point. 1896, June 28. It is the culmination of decades of work of a descendant of one of the former plantation owners working with a descendant of one of the former slaves of the Sotterley Plantation in Hollywood, Md. South Potomac was for ships that stopped on the Virginia side. "Once a thriving town, it is now deserted and is but a place of bitter memories," The Sun reported in 1910. Knowing the functions of theprimitive powers of the mind, he is awarewhat objects are specially related to each,what ought to be avoided, and what cher- Ii*hed. Matthew Henson (1866-1955), of Charles County, reached North Pole* with Commander Robert E. Peary. The cabin was a rarity, she told them, because it was still standing. Port Tobacco Recreation Center. 1789, June 15. 1865, April 21. It is supported by a weak spring,! 1662. The Biscoe Gray Heritage Farm, a site rich in natural and cultural resources, is a living laboratory to explore, understand, and experience Southern Maryland agricultural practices and lifestyles throughout its historyfrom Native American settlement, small scale colonial farming, 1800s era agriculture and 20th century tobacco farming to contemporary community supported agricultural and sustainable farming eorts. Awards and controversy. J -NEW FALL GOODS.r PHE subscriber is now in receipt of his firstsupply of FALL GOODS, to which he in-I vites the attention ot his friends and dealers generally of Charles and adjoining counties.! Topsoil washed off the hills and into the river, clogging the shipping channel. During the late 19th century, deforestation caused high sedimentation rates that filled in the tidal wetlands and the port. Rock Ford historians continually conduct research on the subject of slavery as it relates to Edward Hand, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and the greater Atlantic World of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Raphael Semmes (1809-1877), U.S. according to quality.i lohacco. He raised $30,000 for him. Dontpresume that any animal or product youmay own, is inferior to others that will be'here, and he thus deterred front, bringingthem, as it is only by comparison that therelative merits of anything can be determiuj ed. 1680. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. From the B&B, it's of a mile to the former Port Tobacco Courthouse and a one-room school house and another 1.7 miles to Thomas Stone National Historic Site, named for a signer of the Declaration of Independence. Memoranda Book (1 of 2) ("Old Records Book"), 1706 - 1815, Box 168, Folder 13, Identifier:119_3_8,Georgetown University Manuscripts,Archives of the Maryland Province of the Society of Jesus,5. TheTreasurer of Maryland gives nolice that fifjty per cent, of llie outstanding balance of| the Funded Arrears Stock of the Slate, willbe redeemed at the Loan Office in Baltimoreon the Ist of October next. Intel.New Orleans, Sep. 11.I had ihe honor to receive vour Telegraphic despatch of the 9h instant. The fact that Yarrows buyer traveled from a plantation on Rock Creek to Annapolis in 1752 to buy from a slave ship further suggests Georgetown was not a slave port then. Francis. 1865, April 14. '|The Fugitive Slave Bill Passed. ,The H ouse of Representatives on Thursday j| passed the Fugitive Slave bill by a vote of!' "We say, 'You're sitting in it.' . Now add another historic first: Port Tobacco (population 36) has become the smallest town in Maryland, according to the 1990 census. Slavery in the colonies and later the United States was rooted in tobacco. IS. But, as scholars, journalists, genealogists and Jesuit researchers dig deeper into this history, that is beginning to change. SMOOT, Admrgrp ! The racial makeup of the town was 84.6% White, 7.7% African American, and 7.7% from two or more races (each 7.7% of people included one person). Md., (near Port Tobacco) in 1759. This wasfollowed by a long continued season of dryweather, which prevented the transplanting,!during which time the flies were working idestruction in the plant beds. Friends, Tobacco, and Slavery. All persons having claimsagainst the said deceased, are hereby warned toexhibit the same, properly authenticated, to the subscriber, before the expiration of six months.They may otherwise by law be excluded trotn allbenefit of said deceaseds estate.) also a lot of Medic ali and other Books; andI aiso JVV. American Catholics and Slavery, 1789-1866: An Anthology of Primary Documents. port tobacco, md slavery - creditsolutionexperts.com Since then, Port Tobacco has slowly begun to resemble its former self. 1658. A small mirror is so adjusted that the raiees his shadow' in the glass, (just as Rich' ard did, and not recognising himself at firstight, thinks that some other rat is aimingfor the cheese. The early immigrants to Port Tobacco were products of the religious turmoil in England. The UNESCO designation reinforces that sites such as Sotterley have an incredibly powerful and important story to tell, Easterling says.