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The Padmashali caste is highly Sanskritised, with all the men wearing the sacred thread. [12], however this practice has declined in recent years, along with desires of Sanskritisation and high caste status. MP Shri Rapolu Anandha Bhaskar. Municipal Chairman Yellandu, Khammam Dt.). padmashalinetwork.com Any hero orheroines name is missing? [smartslider3 slider="2"] Find your perfect Padmasali Brides / Grooms for Matrimony on BharatMatrimony - the Most Trusted Brand. * Aelay Narendra [also called Tiger Narendra] (Active leader in TRS), * Devarakonda Vittal Rao (Member of Parliment representing Mahbubnagar Constituency). * P. T. Usha - popular Indian athlete (Padma Shri and Arjuna Award winner), * Chandana Mohan Rao (Founder of Chandana Brothers, CMR Mall), * Konda Laxman Bapuji (prominent socialist politician), * Nalli Kuppuswami Chetty, A noted Businessman; Nalli Silks, Chennai, * Suddala Ashok Teja - Lyricist (won National Film Award for Best Lyrics), * Aelay Dhani - Popular publicity designer (Bharathamuni award winner), * Diddi Anand Kumar (NJ,USA) - (Prominent Social Worker & Founder of Hyderabad Padmashali Mela), * L.Ramana - Ex M.L.A and Khadi Board Chairman, * Murugudu Hanumantha Rao - M.L.A & Minister for Sarvas Siksha Abhiyan, DPEP, Adult Education, Open Schools, Public Libraries, Jawahar Bal Bhavan, Mahila Samata Society, State Institute of Education Technology. Padmashali International Welfare Association. Read eBooks online | World Heritage Encyclopedia | Padmashali Give us a shout. Ranigunj-Secunderabad * Duvvasi Mohan kumar - Actor/Comedian Matrimony ID : MI-947121. 0 Comments Chamar,Muchi 13. Registered users can view profile details, search profile by id & name. It looks like we don't have any Cast and Crew for this title yet. The Caste System (Brahmin and Kshatriya) - Emory University 22yrs / 5' 10" (177 cm). In spite of all these Brahminic characteristics, this caste did not get integrated into ritual Brahminism and remained uneasily within the broad Vaishya category. Is also champion of Backward castes. PadmaSale/ PadmaShali/Padma Sali 99 Somavamsha Kshatriya (l) Saale/Pattasali 100 Stanika (m) Kaikolan/Sengundhar 101 (a) Tulu If you are looking for matches please register in our free Padmasali telugu marathi tamil kannada biodata and photos of 5000 boys and girls from all over India Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Telengana Tamil Nadu Karnataka etc Reply Diddi Anand Kumar (NJ,USA) - (Prominent Social Worker & Founder of Hyderabad Padmashali Mela), Late Dr.Pothani Rajaiah - Founder of Sri Shiridi Sai Sanstan, Korutla, Andhra Pradesh, Goli Gopala Rao - First Municipal Chairman, Mangalagiri(1971 - 1976), Late Goli.Veeranjaneyalu Ex.MLA Mangalagiri, Panchumarthi Anuradha Ex-Mayor, Vijayawada Municipality, Nimmala Kishtappa - Animal Husbandry minister, Putta Surendra Babu - Founder of Satyanveshana Mandali, Andhra Pradesh. Padmashali's World No1 Web Directory | For more info call: 9908175000 By the time the British arrived, the Padmashali's were producing huge quantities of cloth and controlled a leading cottage industry of India. [5][6] Contents 1Etymology 2History 3Present 4Notable people Lokesh's upper caste identity (Kamma) is one of the primary reasons they are opposed to electing him. They are also called as "Adidravidar". He had received many awards. flesh-eating bacteria from razor. Please e mail me vamshavruksha of our religion emailing address is rchuncha@gmail.com. President, State BC Cell, TDP, Chiluvery Prahallad, President, Telangana Padmashali Sangam, Sangisetti Jagadishwar, President-Lok Jana Shakthi Party, AP. (Rajya Sabha) Leader of Handloom Movement. Konda Laxman Bapuji- Freedom fighter and pro-Telangana activist. Aachanthi. Padmashali Matrimony - 100 Rs Only to Contact Matches - Matchfinder June 16, 2022. 2. Origin. Actor Gadde Rajendra Prasad caste: Kamma or Chowdary. madiga caste surnames June 5, 2022 5:15 pm trumbull legion baseball . . CASTE LIST Government Order No.SWD 225 BCA 2000,Dated:30th March 2002. Padmasali (also spelt as Padmashali, Padmasale ) is a Hindu caste residing in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. Padmashali community people demanded that the government should ensure the mentioning of community name as Shettigar in both the column earmarked for Padmshali caste and sub caste, in the forthcoming In this caste, all the nomadic tribe's castes included VJ, DT, NT A, NT B, NT C, and NT D, etc. 6 Sponsored by Sane Solution This comment has been removed by the author. Of course, it fetched a living wage, in wares or cash. Caste-based . Due to focused support to cotton-growers cotton production and productivity have touched record heights. One can see an increasing number of Padmashalis become engineers, doctors, politicians, bureaucrats, businessmen, advocates, IT professionals and also settled in trade and commerce etc. According to the myth, one member of the caste refused to reveal the secrets of the caste gem, the Padmaksha, to the god Ganapati. Sonia Gandhi's win from Bellary Lok Sabha Constituency in 1999. Padmasali (also spelt as Padmashali, Padmasale) is a Hindu caste residing in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. Agaram Vellan Chettiar. Meaning of Padmashali. Padmashali. Chandala 14. .!!! * Late Pragada Kotaiah, Ex.M.L.A. The cottage industry of India was actually in the leading position at the time of British rule. Just submit your biodata to contact Panchamasali Lingayat community brides or grooms instantly. She also won the Kerala State Film Awards for Best Actress one time. A noted writer and literary critic in Urdu, Marathi and Telugu. Padmashali or Padmasali is a Telugu weavers' caste or social group found largely in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Though Sharada's father was not too interested in the idea, he didn't stop her either[1]. Origin. The scope and outlays of schemes like the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme and the Technology Mission on Cotton has been augmented to modernize the industry and to ensure availability of quality raw material at competitive prices. There are two interpretations for the origin of the word Padmashali. [1], The Padmasalis wear the sacred thread. Copyright 2021. www.Padmashali.caAll Rights Reserved. [1], The Padmasalis are of Shudra origin,[10] but through the process of Sanskritisation they claim to be of Brahmin status. In Malayalam, Chaaliyan. padmashali: About Padmashali caste - Blogger Disclaimer: The primary source for the data used for these reports is the sworn affidavits provided by the candidates themselves . Sarah Shahi, Margaret Odette, Mike Vogel and Adam Demos will return to the drama to take on the roles of Billie, Sasha, Cooper and Brad, respectively. Gulmohar Actors, Cast & Crew StarsUnfolded They are identified by different names in various regions through out India. Is instrumental in forming Akhila Bharat Padmashali Sanga at Hyderabad, which has membership from state bodies from all over India, wherever Padmashali's are there. A famous dance theory proponent; He has designed the famous " Perini Siva Thandavam". 20,000 crore, and create over half a million new jobs. Actor Garikapati Narasimha Rao caste: Brahmin. These parks will generate annual production of over Rs. [6], The Padmashalis basically perform Brahmin rites and even today a group who are qualified as agama shastra pandits perform the poojas and vedic rites. Actor Gattamaneni Krishna caste: Kamma. However, linguistic construction of Dravidian languages traces it's root to Proto-South-Dravidian word saal. Dear sirWho is our (padmasali) caste kula daivam. Basic customs duty on various textile machinery and spare parts has been reduced, additional capital subsidy has been provided for processing, duties on specified textile machinery items, raw materials and spare parts has been brought down, and excise duty on polyester filament yarn has been reduced. Also, contains list of all padmashali matrimony websites. Leading doctor in Telangana. Padmashali "Padmashali" or Padmasali is a Telugu weavers' caste or social group found largely in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India.They are identified by different names in various regions through out India.. Here's a list of the central cast of Daisy Jones & The Six: Riley Keough as Daisy Jones. Many boys and girls have found suitable matches for marriage on our site. Parents & Siblings His father, Shakti Sagar Sood was an entrepreneur. Wed love to hear from you! The word gotra means "lineage" in the Sanskrit language. Aabopu. This Blog compiles all the important information from different sources for the benefit of PADMASHALI or PADMASALI People around the Globe. Gulmohar is an Indian Hindi-language family drama film that premiered on Disney+ Hotstar on 3 March 2023. Know Your Gothra | Padmashali's World No1 Web Directory Many of the Telangana Padmashali brides and grooms who are Computer Professional, Business / Consultant, Non-Working etc. p_sambaiah9@rediffmail.com, Please send the padmashali vamsha vriksham tree to my emai id aargee55@yahoo.co.in. 13,000 crore. . Actor Edara Naresh caste: Kamma. Matrimony ID : MI-945365. He had received many awards. Thanks,Ganapathi, hi patanjali siri am siripurapu gopi(bruhaspathi rushi gotram)plz send padmashali vamsha vruksham to my emailid siripurapugopi@gmail.com, Dear Gopi garu,Thanks for visiting my Blog.I have got one image of Padmashali Vamsha Vruksham which I got it from somewhere. Padmashali Bhargava Brahmins are Rugvedi Brahmins. She was so popular that she did lead roles in films starring most of the successful heroes of Telugu film industry. ABBREVIATIONS; . Sharada was sent to Madras in her childhood to live with her grandmother Kanakamma. The cloth that the pit-loom produced was meant to serve the needs of village market. Pattariyar is acommunity found in south india.they are one of the principal weaving castes of SSLC .+2 !! CATEGORY-I Sl. Hello sir, please send me also that vamsha vruksh to mekumarvijju225@gmail.comthanks. In spite of all these Brahminic characteristics, this caste did not get integrated into ritual Brahminism and remained uneasily within the broad Vaishya category. [9], The Padmasalis follow their mythological origins and Puranas such as Kulapurana and Markandeya Purana. SoniaGandhi's win from Bellary Lok Sabha Constituency in 1999. padmashali caste actorswpr ideas network listen livewpr ideas network listen live * Aelay Narendra [also called Tiger Narendra] (Active leader in BJP), * Devarakonda Vittal Rao (Member of Parliment representing Mahbubnagar Constituency). can u plz send me also a copy of vamsha vriksha my id isgolwalkars@gmail.comthank you and u had done a very great job! From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Padmashali Bhargava Brahmins Community population, "Dubai: Shettygars of Mangalore Form 'Padmashali UAE', Padmashali International Welfare Association, Vijayawada, POPA - Padmashali Officials and Professionals Association, Padmashali Samaj Seva Sangh - an informational portal for Padmashalis, Padmashali Graduates and Students Association, https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padmashali&oldid=8502861, Articles with dead external links from January 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Here's the complete list of the cast and crew of "Gulmohar": The word Padma referring to the myth of the thread was a lotus which sprang from the navel of Vishnu.. History. These gotras are used to regulate marriages, however Husan noted in 1920 that the many illiterate Padmasalis were unaware that their caste had gotras. padmashali caste actors. But unlike them, the Padmashalis developed exclusively cloth-weaving skills. Which Tamil actors parayar caste list? They are spread all over the world, but have a visible tendency towards urbanization since the occupation of weaving and marketing cloth becomes easy from urban and semi-urban centers. Dubai: Shettygars of Mangalore Form 'Padmashali UAE' - Daijiworld The story revolves around the Batra family and their final four days living in their 31-year-old family home as they move to a new city. Initially she has done many supporting roles in Telugu films, later on she moved to Malayalam film industry and gained success there. One table with dressing mirror, one chair, fan cupboard for keeping articles. The Scheme for Integrated Textiles Parks has been launched to strengthen infrastructure. In spite of all these Brahminic characteristics, this caste did not get integrated into ritual Brahminism and remained uneasily within the broad Vaishya category. They are spread all over the state, but have a visible tendency towards urbanization since the occupation of weaving and marketing cloth becomes easy from urban and semi-urban centers. Balija Matrimony, Send me padhmashali vamsa vrukshamTanduteja@yahoo.com. He had received many awards. Padmashali Matrimonial - Padmashali Marriage - Jeevansathi.com I am doubtful whether it will be useful to you or not. Maharashtra temple breaks barriers, invites non-Brahmin and women Website Created & Hosted with Doteasy Web Hosting Canada, Gangadharpanth Kuchan, Ex. The Padmasalis are part of the wider community of Telugu weavers, who are known as "Sale" or "Saliya".Historically, they were also referred to by other castes as "Julai". They are identified by. , .. ' ' ' .. Padmashalis in Telangana: Lack of political representation hurts Telugu Actors Caste and Religion List [All Telugu Heroes] [A to Z] Padmashali (also spelt as Padmasali) (Telugu: ) is a Telugu-speaking Hindu artisan caste predominantly residing in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. About: Padmasali (caste) An Entity of Type: ethnic group, from Named Graph: , Padmasali (also spelt as Padmashali, Padmasale) is a Hindu caste residing in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. [1], The Padmasalis and the Devangas, who are another caste of weavers, were originally a single caste in ancient times and followed Vaishnavism. 2015 Copyright by Padmashali. Padmashali caste is highly Sanskritised with all the men wearing sacred thread and is Brahmnic in its characteristics. In terms of social consciousness, it is more Brahminic than any other OBC caste in Andhra Pradesh & some of them in Maharashtra also. [1], They worship local goddesses such as Chamundeswari and Yellamma. Padmashali Caste, adiladad. Free anna prasadam tokens provided afternoon n night for all the persons by showing room rent receipt. sofi software engineer interview questions, loose meat sandwich recipe with onion soup mix, what does the bible say about dreams of suffocation. Thanks for visiting my Blog.I have sent an image of Padmasali Vamsha Vriksham to your above e-mail address. Devar comes under which caste? - Answers She originally hails from Andhra Pradesh. Sturgis 2020 - Miss Buffalo Chip Pageant - YouTube In Malayalam, Chaaliyan. Menu. Padmashali (also spelt as Padmasali) (Telugu: ) is a Telugu-speaking Hindu artisan caste predominantly residing in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Musing on mythology, history, and culture, Our Brand is a vision born out of the sheer passion for breathing a new life into ancient art forms and ageing weaves. Popular Padmashalis - | Padmasalia | Air Force Epr Points Calculator, Monday - Saturday 8:00 am - 5:00 pm Sharada describes her grandmother as a strict disciplinarian who in the later days wouldnt even let the heroes touch her and allowed rehearsals only on Sundays[1]. In this caste, all the nomadic tribe's castes included VJ, DT, NT A, NT B, NT C, and NT D, etc. Unlike other communities, Padmashali caste has exclusive weaving skills and produce cloth as a marketable commodity. About Padmashali caste | padmashali - Blogger junio 1, 2022 . Matrimony ID : MI-1000168. We can also see some rare examples of people changing their gotra doing some rituals. Also, saali means spider in Telugu. Hi sir,can you forward the vamsha vruksha of our padmashali to my email I'd:b.v.m.sairam@gmail.com, padmshali samaj wruksh send me sir my mail.tdmanewar777@gmail.com, I have padmashali vamsa vrujsham if you need kindly send address, Plse send me Vamsa Vruksam of Padhamasali, Dear Satish,I have forwarded the image of Padmashali Vamsha Vruksham Tree, for your ready reference, to your above e-mail address.Wish you all the best.Thanks,Ganapathi, Plz frwd to my mail also sir vamse4u@gmail.com, SOME PEOPLE TOLD ME PADMASHALI CASTE IS BRAHMIN.? Padmashali or Padmasali is Hindu weaving community in India. , Chalo Bairanpally Ex. Registered users can view profile details, search by name, id and other details. dbo: abstract. K. C. Kondaiah- Ex-MLC from Bellary. Bruhaspathi Rushi. Parayar is a caste found mostly in. 4. Padmashali Bhargava Brahmins are Rugvedi Brahmins. However, linguistic construction of Dravidian languages traces it's root to Proto-South-Dravidian word saal. In 1959, she began her career as Sharada. 1)Ahir 2)Dange 3) Gatari 4) Hande 5) Telwar 6) Hatkar 7) Haatkar 8) Shegar, Sagar *, Segar * 9)Khutekar 10) Telangi 11) Tellari 12) Kokani-Dhangar 13) Kanade 14) Varhade Dhangar 15)Zade 16) Zende 17) Kurmaar 18) Mahure 19) Laadse 20) Sanagar 21) Dhanavar 22) Gadariya 23) Gadri 24) Gadhhari 25) Dange-Dhangar & Dongari Dhangar. Perhaps because they largely stay indoors, or because of characteristic genes, community members have developed reddish skin and are hence known as erra kulamu (red caste) among the OBCs. padmashali caste actors. Maricopa County Medical Examiner, ,KPS -9 -)o - ,,, 695 003 :0 . , , 9 - !! madiga caste surnames. Adi Andhra 2. There are two interpretations for the origin of the word "Padmashali" and its group, one from Vaishnava group and one from . please tell me sirmy contact number 9000048361my email id: srinu.potela@gmail.comi am waiting for your kind response.thanking you sir,srinualamandajami mandalamvizianagaram districtandhra pradesh, pin:535240, Can somebody forward to me guruprasad.17@gmail.com. So, most of the female lead stars were very young compared to the male leads. The cloth that the pit-loom produced was meant to serve the needs of village market. They created various myths in order to reconcile their low-status in the Hindu caste-system with their claims to high-caste Sanskritic Brahmin status. Padmashali (Telugu . They are spread all over the state, but have a visible tendency towards urbanization since the occupation of weaving and marketing cloth becomes easy from urban and semi-urban centers. Nice article.We padmashalis should unite and to make entry into politics in big way. His perents lived in Bali islands. The word gotra means "lineage" in the Sanskrit language. The Padmashali caste is highly Sanskritised, with all the men wearing the sacred thread. Send Message View Profile. Extreme Home Makeover Application 2022, BACKWARD CLASSES. Now I m looking to restart the community job (weaving) in Kerala sector which is in the edge of destruction. The scope and outlays of schemes like the Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme and the Technology Mission on Cotton has been augmented to modernize the industry and to ensure availability of quality raw material at competitive prices. Errors and Omissions may be accepted. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation. All rights reserved. I have sent the image of Padmashali Vamsa Vriksham to your above e-mail address. * P. T. Usha - popular Indian athlete (Padma Shri and Arjuna Award winner), * Chandana Mohan Rao (Founder of Chandana Brothers, CMR Mall), * Konda Laxman Bapuji (prominent socialist politician), * Nalli Kuppuswami Chetty, A noted Businessman; Nalli Silks, Chennai, * Suddala Ashok Teja - Lyricist (won National Film Award for Best Lyrics), * Aelay Dhani - Popular publicity designer (Bharathamuni award winner), * Diddi Anand Kumar (NJ,USA) - (Prominent Social Worker & Founder of Hyderabad Padmashali Mela), * L.Ramana - Ex M.L.A and Khadi Board Chairman, * Murugudu Hanumantha Rao - M.L.A & Minister for Sarvas Siksha Abhiyan, DPEP, Adult Education, Open Schools, Public Libraries, Jawahar Bal Bhavan, Mahila Samata Society, State Institute of Education Technology. HISTORY OF PADMASHALIS & FAMOUS PADMASHALIS. The Padmashali caste is highly Sanskritised, with all the men wearing the sacred thread (Yajnopavitam/Gayatri dharan). Angered, Ganapati cursed them to be of low status. All are not PadmasaliSome are Belongs to Devanga community..Padmasali and Devanga are separate caste..all are weavers..plese..note this point.. Surname is "Panchumarthi". Origin. I m 21 years old. * Kantha Rao - famous actor from telugu film industry. When she grew up, she started in acting in theatre, under the supervision of her grandmother. They are from sage Markandeya the weaver of the gods. 1,50,000 crore, which will generate employment for approximately 17 million workers. For more info call: 9908175000 or write on email: [emailprotected]. 13,000 crore. Cheruman 15. What does Padmashali mean? mizzou math major requirements. 3. The term Padmashali is derived from two words Padma and Shali, The Padma means lotus and Shali means weaver. * Dr.Appalayya Meesala, Professor of Management Studies,Deccan School of Management, Hyderabad. Aacharam. holiday homework class 8 social science. General (GNs) 2. Warangal: MP Gundu Sudharani in the forefront of race - The Hans India 'Padmashali' caste is a weaving community in Telugu States.Padmashali' actually 'Pradhama-Sali' means the first weavers or the best weavers.They are also experts in construction and building.The Victoria Terminus (old name of Mumbai railway station) is one of the architectural wonder of 'Padmashali' community. The Padmashali men have no expertise in ploughing and their women lack seeding and crop-cutting skills. padmashali caste actors - uling.eu Member of Parliament, Sholapur, Maharashtra, Dharmanna Sadul, Ex.Member of Parliament, Sholapur, Maharashtra, Vannala Shriramlu, Ex-MLA, Wardhannapet, Warangal, Convener, BJP Weavers Cell. Ale Narendra[also called Tiger Narendra]Member of Parliament, Medak Dist. Perhaps because they largely stay indoors, or because of characteristic genes, community members have developed reddish skin and are hence known as erra kulamu (red caste) among the OBCs. Sundays - Closed, 8642 Garden Grove Blvd. She is also known as Urvashi Sharada because earlier the National Film Award for Best Actress was officially designated as Urvashi Award. Movies. ? 2012-12-12 13:02:15. * K.C.Kondiah (MLC Bellary, Ex MP (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha), He paved way and instrumental in Smt. holiday homework class 8 social science. * P. T. Usha popular Indian athlete (Padma Shri and Arjuna Award winner), * Chandana Mohan Rao (Founder of Chandana Brothers, CMR Mall), * Konda Laxman Bapuji (prominent socialist politician), * Nalli Kuppuswami Chetty, A noted Businessman; Nalli Silks, Chennai, * Suddala Ashok Teja Lyricist (won National Film Award for Best Lyrics), * Aelay Dhani Popular publicity designer (Bharathamuni award winner), * Diddi Anand Kumar (NJ,USA) (Prominent Social Worker & Founder of Hyderabad Padmashali Mela), * L.Ramana Ex M.L.A and Khadi Board Chairman, * Murugudu Hanumantha Rao M.L.A & Minister for Sarvas Siksha Abhiyan, DPEP, Adult Education, Open Schools, Public Libraries, Jawahar Bal Bhavan, Mahila Samata Society, State Institute of Education Technology. ABOUT US; SERVICES; TRANSACTIONS; CONTACT; padmashali caste category in ap Padmashali or Padmasali is a Telugu weavers' caste or social group found largely in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Later by 1400, surnames became hereditary. Padmashali is a Telugu-speaking Hindu artisan caste predominantly residing in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala and were at associated with the Satavahana empire in olden days. . My email ID: narasimha.vihaanap@gmail.com. Kasturi Lakshmi Narasaiah (Freedom Fighter, Ex. Kanakkan, Padanna, Padannan 23. , 2012- 19-, . His mother, Saroj Sood was a teacher. Fax: (714) 638 - 1478. A noted writer and literary critic in Urdu, Marathi and Telugu. A camera beast, indeed: OnePlus11 5G x . Under the scheme, it is proposed to set up 30 Integrated Textiles Parks by 2008, with an investment of over Rs. Though she didn't get to act in any of his films, she got her formal training in acting under him, including the Navarasa lessons. The end of this era caused there to be an increase of men who deemed themselves . 3. Caste communities involved in the leather and wool-based household industries which perhaps have an older history than cloth weaving have developed an integrated process of production of raw material and its conversion into commodities. * Sada Siva Master, Adilabad. Welcome to Padmashai Matrimonial Services. They along with the Padmasali Mahasabha advised the Padmasalis to become vegetarians, to not drink liquor, to prohibit the re-marriage of widows, to prohibit child-marriage, to wear the sacred thread, and perform Brahmanical rites.