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Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video - shake, shake, shake. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. 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Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. As the drum rotated, t, pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface, between arrival of P and S waves is called, epicenter, the longer the lag time measured, velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the. graph. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. This investigation is considered generally safe to do with students. Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. A little under 30 seconds, maybe around 26 seconds. What about P waves? Finding the Epicenter. Cross), Give Me Liberty! Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. Success is figuring out that the epicenter is just off the coast of Chile, where the three circles intersect. Short for "primary wave" or "pressure wave." The distance is in kilometers. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. Subjects: Find 23 millimeters on the right side of the chart and mark that point. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Nov 2, 2020 Triangulation is used to determine the location of an earthquake. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream Key Facts & Information. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. atrial depolarization. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. 0000002009 00000 n pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . Some places are more prone to earthquakes than others. 0000003855 00000 n Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. cCV&0Lw1~c\4QA!{q: N3\`Lccgb,x/if`WH3(\'q)Da'@ | endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[57 4]/Length 20/Size 61/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. 0000001396 00000 n Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. 0000005081 00000 n In this activity, the epicenter of the earthquake is in the center of Los Angeles, CA. hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream 0000006984 00000 n Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? The epicenter of an earthquake can be found using the difference between the arrival of the Primary and Secondary waves. ' endstream endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj [85 0 R] endobj 71 0 obj <> endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare Sixty-seven people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at $6 billion. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. What data is used to determine magnitude? earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University earthquake. Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." Add to FlexBook Textbook. Resources. In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. trailer <<320C1F98F8FF4795B5CCB8D9E9A0B99B>]/Prev 812054/XRefStm 1396>> startxref 0 %%EOF 93 0 obj <>stream 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. The vertical lines, spaced one The longer the time is between the P-and S-wave . Note the differences in to the lag time measured at this location? Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . It takes S waves 14. 13. Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. Draw your signature, type it, upload its image, or use your mobile device as a signature pad. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. The nations most famous fault is the San Andreas Fault, which runs along a north-south trend in southern California, and happens to run directly through Los Angeles. Question: ACTIVITY 2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations-New York; Nome, Alaska; and Mexico City. Richter scale Method of earthquake measurement based on the amplitude of seismic . 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers Thank you for reading Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answers . Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. The time Do you agree with this alignment? For purposes of this activity, the least complicated and probably most accurate approach is to just use the term "magnitude," without needing to say "on the Richter scale" or "on the moment magnitude scale." (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach the, seismic station first. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. activity illustrates how the epicenter of an earthquake is found. seismogram. (from left to right). This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). Use Figure 4.5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4.4 to determine the distance between each station and THREE SEISMOGRAMS the epicenter. What types of engineers might use this data the most? When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. consider a seismograph stationed 3, Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. What is the inch = 500 km. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif located 1,000 miles from the 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. Thanks for your feedback! 0000010002 00000 n Figure 13.10). The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. 0000002658 00000 n minutes and P waves 8 minutes to Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. minute apart, represent the passage of time Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab - Triangulation sheet for students and/or teachers to use (Slide 6), and answer key (Slide 7). surface wave? Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . travel time for P waves. 0000000856 00000 n Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave and the arrival of the S-wave. 0000008088 00000 n hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! Sign, fax and printable from PC, iPad, tablet or mobile with pdfFiller Note-taking Worksheet. waves from a distant earthquake. 1. Subject Areas: Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. To abbreviate, use the symbol M (a capital M, plain text, no sub/superscripts) expressed to the nearest 0.1. directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. Send activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers via email, link, or fax. 0000053998 00000 n Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. The farther away the epicenter is, the greater the difference . These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. 0000002250 00000 n So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). Copyright 2023. EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. Upload a document. Thanks for your feedback! Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream To complete the activity, some prior . For this activity, select the "Chile" box. earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. The seismometers are shown as green dots. 9 - P and Swaves are body waves and travel, through the interior of the earth. How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? %%EOF Students learn about the types of seismic waves produced by earthquakes and how they move through the Earth. 0000005149 00000 n Using this resource students find the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves using a seismogram. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known Then do the same for the S-wave. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. 3000 miles. Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. Legal. The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. 0000000956 00000 n Seismograms Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. 0000002383 00000 n Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. (Figure 3):. What is an earthquake? To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. 4. Zip. Details. triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. 83 0 obj <> endobj Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` Quick Tips. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). aqmd. Earth and Space, Physical Science, A process called triangulation uses seismic data from three locations to identify the epicenter of an earthquake.copyrightCopyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. Make an overhead copy of each of the handouts. Epicenter Location on Earth's surface directly above the focus of the earthquake 5. In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographs from at least three different places are needed for a particular event. %PDF-1.5 % Last updated November 26, 2013. Assess their understanding based on the thoroughness of their answers. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK Make changes to the sample. See Answer. Alignment agreement: Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. How far do S waves travel in 5 Epicenter. Must engineers be content with mitigating disasters, instead of preventing them? Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake - SE Asia a foldable activity, slide presentation to guide reading, and an answer key! 0000007783 00000 n Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. 0000004060 00000 n "`B(R6sj [CX7p+s =#;~ `'kA This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. You learned that seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter using the difference between S and P wave arrival times. The period of P waves is shorter, than the period of surface waves. 0000115324 00000 n 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n Many updates and improvements! different types of seismic waves. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. 0000078169 00000 n 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. Several thousand seismographs exist at locations around the planet, continuously measuring abnormalities in the Earth's movement. Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. The farther a station is from the Figure 8. 0000001408 00000 n Follow this simple guide to edit Locating the epicenter of an earthquake worksheet answer key in PDF format online free of charge: Explore all the advantages of our editor right now! Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Examining Seismograms The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are Pwaves, Swaves, and Surface waves. 0000005544 00000 n Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. 9 - This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. Direct students to finish the activity by completing the. Download. Student exploration Graphing Skills SE Key Gizmos Explore Learning. Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. (Grades Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. The lag time for any Since the 1970s, the use of the Richter magnitude scale has largely been replaced in the scientific community by the moment magnitude scale (MMS). Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. Use this information to complete the following. between arrival of P and S waves is called 0000079769 00000 n 01. 0000098546 00000 n Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. $8.25. After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Reading Strategy. 3. How does the Mad Scientist. S wave: The second seismic wave of an earthquake. This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. 0000007097 00000 n Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. Focal Depth. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. 107 0 obj <>stream Yw8SxGk}X3kfTfW& gk`41#'uf7"G\fsN4^8jC7[+%`qFLFKpFc American Geosciences Institute. Three seismographs are needed. Click for facts and worksheets in PDF! To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . Finding the epicenter worksheet answer key. El trmino tambin puede hacer referencia al ttulo o nombre de alguien a quien se di, Practica II - De Psicologian membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. You can also download it, export it or print it out. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. 0000001604 00000 n Practice with Triangulation: Locating an earthquake epicenter. follow our easy steps to get your lab activity locating epicenters answer key well prepared rapidly choose the template in the library enter all necessary information in the required llable areas the Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. The moment magnitude scale (MMS) was developed in the 1970s as a modification of the Richter scale and is better for measuring big earthquakes but less good for small ones. The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. Focus (aka Hypocenter) is the location in the Earth where the earthquake starts. It shows the time required for P This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. 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