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Socrates was born in 469 BC and he served in the Peloponnesian War. The world's 10 most famous philosophers have shaped our culture and thought throughout history. Greek leaders and thinkers were influential in their own time, but some of their ideas and work stand the test of time and still have an impact on modern life. Pre-Socratic philosophers mostly investigated natural phenomena. 05 of 10 He also ensured his disciples implemented his philosophies and others in their daily lives and associations through thinking and using their intellects. Socrates was the first major Greek philosopher. To illustrate this, Plato used the Allegory of the Cave.. When you read the word ancient, you likely think of something old and outdated. Answer (1 of 4): From Socrates, the ancient Greek philosophers contributed much to education. }. He was an influential philosopher and excelled greatly in math, astronomy, biology and philosophy. Opponents of Epicurus denounced him as a seeker of hedonistic and immoral pleasures. Alexander eventually created an empire stretching from Macedon across the entire Middle East to the frontiers of India. By using our free will to accept what we cannot control, Zeno believed that we could work towards cultivating a life in accordance with nature. I was unaware of the age of these ancient thinkers. Here are some notable Greek figuresfrom philosophers to mathematicians and scientistsand how they have shaped the world we know today. Along with Socrates and Plato, he laid much of the foundation of Western philosophy. The Greeks developed philosophy as a way of understanding the world around them, without resorting to religion, myth, or magic. But who were these ancient Greek philosophers? 422 Words2 Pages. In the mid-4th century BC, he was exiled from his hometown and moved to Athens. "acceptedAnswer": { She or he will best know the preferred format. , Furniture People who travel to Greece are often overwhelmed by our ancient monuments. Entertainment & Pop Culture; Geography & Travel; Health & Medicine; Lifestyles & Social Issues; Literature; Philosophy & Religion; Politics, Law & Government Dates of Anaximander who develops the cosmic theory of the apeiron as the First Cause of existence. Later philosophers often tried to simplify his philosophical propositions. Democritus was born in Abdera to a wealthy family. Today, we look at the different contributions some of these known philosophers made to the world; Aristotle made sure to categorize knowledge into different fields such as Physics, biology, ethics and math. Among others, he advocated that motion was nothing but an illusion. Furthermore, his philosophical contributions centered on the practical aspects of life. Socrates embarked a whole new perspective of achieving practical results through application of philosophy in our daily lives. They have all said something that is still accepted in modern society. 5 Ancient Greek Philosophers and Their Important Contributions It is unarguably a known fact that ancient Greece was home to some of the most important and celebrated philosophers in the. He declared that the life which is unexamined is not worth living before drinking hemlock poison. Socrates was a greek philosopher that lived from four-hundred-sixty-nine BCE to three-hundred-ninety-nine BCE. Diogenes criticized the citys social and cultural conventions, which he thought were corrupt. Tags: Ancient Civilizations Athenian democracy Greece Olympic Games Socrates Sophocles. Despite his contribution to philosophy (or because of that), Socrates was eventually accused of atheism and corrupting the youth and sentenced to death. He wrote an estimated 200 works during his lifetime; 31 of them are still admired and studied today. Major Greek Philosophers. But you may be surprised to hear that many of the ideas and institutions that came from ancient Greece still exist today. Democritus was a Greek philosopher.He was one of history's earliest atheists.He explained the world in a materialistic manner. Parmenides was able to introduce varying new concepts for life and humanity. He was able to revolutionize the modern world through his teachings. He was one of the first ancient Greek philosophers to use deductive reasoning to make his conclusions, which was a monumental shift in how thinkers formed theories. }] Democritus. Thislist of ancient Greek philosopherscontains philosophers who studied inancient Greeceor spokeGreek. In my society where i live the great men with great ideas are my inspiration. Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential figures in modern Western philosophy. Plato believed that this contrast between the Ideal Forms and our imperfect copies also applied to concepts such as Goodness and Justice. Get time period newsletters, special offers and weekly programme release emails. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Stoicism, founded by Zeno of Citium, taught that the purpose of life was to live in harmony with nature and to develop self-control and . Thales reached this hypothesis by considering what a cosmological building block would need to be. He also belonged to the pre-Socrates society and was an influential figure in ancient Greece. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) This is the founding principle of Relativism and it was perhaps the first time that an ancient Greek philosopher had examined issues relating to human behavior and morality. Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with being one of the founders of Western philosophy. is remembered for his teaching methods and for asking thought-provoking questions. Modern philosophers and educators still employ the patterns of thinking and exploration established by ancient Greek philosophers, such as the application of logic to questions of thought and engaging in debate to better convey philosophical ideas. Thales of Miletus gets the top spot on this list for representing a pivotal point in ancient Greek philosophy from which subsequent generations of famous thinkers, theorists, dialectics, meta physicists, and philosophers sprouted. 10 John Locke. He was also called on to tutor King Philip II of Macedons son, Alexander, who would later come to be known as Alexander the Great.. Why Was Alexander the Greats Victory at the Battle of Issus so Significant? The ability of those selected few to see life from a different perspective and their openness to share with us was a great phenomenon. The ultimate goal was to achieve tranquility, or what Epicurus called ataraxia.. Epicurean and Stoic philosophers were two of the ancient world's most influential schools of thought. During the 7th Century BC, philosophy dealt more with natural science rather than moral questions. - 546 B.C.) He expanded on his teachers philosophical ideas, and researched space, time and the concept of infinity. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The Cynic merely looked at the young conqueror and requested that he stop blocking his sunlight. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Through books like the Republic and the Symposium and the founding of his Academy, Platos ideas survived to influence generations of thinkers. Updated . Parmenides also deserve mention for their contributions to modern philosophy. During his defence, he delivered the famous Apology of Socrates speech. One of his most famous writings is the Republic. In his view, all of nature originated from one single substance: water. That most enduring of romantic images, Aristotle tutoring the future conqueror Alexander. So, he struck out on his own. One of Platos best known political philosophy works is the Republic. Democritus. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); How Many Days In Santorini Do You Really Need? He was able to establish an Academy in Athens which is identified as Western society's first institution of higher learning. Plato was also a prominent writer. He was active around the same time as Homer. It is from these books that we have learned what was done in Hippocratic medicine. He advocates that material goods or money are not conducive to happiness. What makes a man happy is rational thinking and education. It emphasized logic and championed the idea of impartial, rational observation of the natural world. Epicurus was a Greek philosopher who believed that happiness was based on relationships with others and self-reflection. These brilliant scholars began to use reason and logic to try and unravel the workings of the cosmos. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. Plato is another famous Greek philosopher born in Athens. It emerged in the 6 th century BC and was largely explored in Ancient Greece and the rest of the Roman Empire. His house was a big ceramic jar, but he allegedly dined and spent the night wherever he happened to be. The Greek philosophers had studied the nature of man's psyche (mind/self/soul). A drawing of Greek physician Hippocrates. 0. "text": "The most famous philosophers of Ancient Greece are Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle." He founded the movement of Pythagoreanism, a school of thought which advocated a communal, frugal lifestyle, in accordance with nature. When you think of ancient Greece, you might imagine bearded philosophers drinking wine under Acropolis, speaking wise words about politics, science and the universe. Advancements in medicine and evidence-based methods of treating illnesses. Pericles was born over 100 years before Alexander the Great, but he had a similar background. Socrates teachings were so formative that many contemporary historians categorise other philosophers as either pre-Socratic or post-Socratic thinkers. Greece has produced some of historys most important thinkers. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. For Protagoras, it was the character of the person who held a belief that determined its worth. 02/10/2023 by William C. Michael. Book excerpt: "The contributions to this book offer a broad vision of the relationships that were established between Greek Philosophy and the Mystery Cults. Heres a guide to the 12 most influential philosophers from Greece. If youve ever tried to find the area of a right triangle, youve likely had to use something called the Pythagorean theorem, which is named after the mathematician Pythagoras. Aristotle researched and studied the numerous philosophies that had been established before his time, and synthesized them into more complex ideas. According to Aristotle, this would bring us happiness and constitute a good life. It is still widely taught as a key philosophical text today. However, Aristotle rejected Platos theory of the Forms in favor of a more empirical approach. Socrates of Athens is considered to be the Father of Western Philosophy. Some of his best known principles are the following: Diogenes, best known as Diogenes the Cynic, was born in Sinope, on the Black Sea.