The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize Norfolk was killed in 1572. This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Mary became the inspiration for frequent revolts and rebellions, as it suddenly appeared possible that Elizabeth could be realistically replaced by a legitimate Catholic heir. Elizabeth I inherited a position of war with France, which was declared by Mary in 1556. he could also overthrow her. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. W ith the first female vice president taking office in the US, and female leaders around the world excelling despite a global crisis, it's hard to imagine why women have been wildly underrepresented in leadership for so long. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. 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Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Ironically the simple accession of Elizabeth in 1558 made any desire for a settlement so much more difficult. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. On November 1569, the Earls managed to capture Durham and proceeded to celebrate Catholic Mass in the Cathedral before marching south in the direction of Tutbury, Derbyshire where Mary was imprisoned. Copy. What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode 1) In 1557, Mary I took England to war with France to support her husband who was already fighting the French. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Elizabeth and the Netherlands Issue - 1576-1584 (GCSE Example - Tutor2u Challenges to Elizabeth's rule - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Elizabeth couldn't restore authority and teachings of the Pope. Foreign Affairs / Overview of Elizabeth I / Historical Association The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. Spain depended on large ships which were heavy and difficult to handle whereas the English built long, narrow ships that were faster and easier to handle. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis of April 1559 between Spain and France was meant to be the start of lasting peace between the two. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . The Spanish invasion didnt go according to plan when the Spanish Armada was launched in 1588. Many expected a decisive battle between Henry II and Philip II. This increased tension between England and Spain. The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. Describe two features of the Puritan challenge 6. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. Elizabeth, however, did not sign the death warrant until February 1587. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. As such, I disagree with the statement. Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. The Ridolfi Plot of 1571 and later the Throckmorton and Babington Plots, of 1583 and 1586 respectively, all involved the aim of placing Mary on the throne. The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. Parma and his men, however, were being blockaded by Dutch ships and werent able to reach the coast in time. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. Moreover, when Henry executed Anne Boleyn in 1536, Henry VIII himself declared Elizabeth illegitimate (although this situation was later reversed). Elizabeth 1 - Foreign Policy - Revision Cards in A Level and IB History Company Reg no: 04489574. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. Queen Elizabeth showed no mercy to the rebels and the Earl of Northumberland along with 400 rebel troops were executed while the Earl of Westmorland fled abroad. Elizabeth I: facts for kids - National Geographic Kids The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. They began to revolt against the Spanish. Therefore, Elizabeths legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The war against France ended in 1559, and following Elizabeths accession, they tried to maintain good relations between the two countries. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Can I give a retake in the feb/march if I had given my exams in the may/June series. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site They were not able to do this because the English used their greater manoeuvrability to stay out of range while firing broadsides (massive barrages of cannonballs) that could sink the Spanish ships. John White (another leading colonist) sailed back to England to report on the problems being experienced. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives (*fragmentary*). Elizabeth I: a biography. Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 Describe two features of Mary Queen of Scots' threat to Elizabeth I. Foreign Policy 1553 to 1558 - History Learning Site Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. In order to marry Anne Boleyn, Henry VIII had to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. . Marys clear awareness and support of the Babington plot led to her being sentenced to death in October 1586. Overview of Elizabeth I / Why religious compromise was so difficult. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. It was a turning point: the rest of Elizabeth's reign was bedevilled by plots and rumours of Catholic rebellion. This aimed to ensure poor relief was collected. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. 2) This war was not a success. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra Abroad, however, was another matter as Marys execution inflamed Catholic opposition and increased the threat of foreign invasion. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. The leading figure involved in the plot was Francis Throckmorton, a young Catholic man who carried messages between Mary and Catholic conspirators abroad. LS23 6AD Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. However, to say therefore increasing involvement was the responsibility of Elizabeth alone would be wrong. Essentially, this meant England and Spain were now at war. Guy states that Northumberland's success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset's wars . Elizabeth I | Biography, Facts, Mother, & Death | Britannica The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. Time line for foreign policy 1559- 1571. Boston House, The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. The war was going badly for England. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. The relationship with Spain and King Phillip II was at a low point in 1587 as the two countries were at war over the Netherlands. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . In response to the Throckmorton Plot, Elizabeths advisors drafted the Bond of Association, which was aimed at deterring any further plots. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. During Drakes raid, he captured more than 1000 tons of planks made from seasoned wood, which was needed to make the barrels used to carry food and water. Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. There was also a fear that France and Scotland, alongside Spain, could launch an invasion of England as part of a greater Catholic crusade against the rogue English Protestant nation. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. This was viewed as significant because it was seen as a means to increase trade, to expand Protestantism and to use the area as a base for attacks on Spanish colonies in the New World. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. English ships departed from Plymouth to meet the Armada. Surviving colonists abandon Virginia and return to England. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. The plots involved European conspirators and were supported by France, Spain and even the Pope. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. Problems faced by Elizabeth I in 1558 - YouTube However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . The attack was a success. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. Queen Elizabeth had become aware of this plan and in 1587, sent her most successful privateer, Sir Francis Drake, to spy on Spanish preparations and attack their ships and supplies. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr This was due to the actions of her father, Henry VIII, in 1533. In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. - rebelling of scottish lords. Queen Elizabeth I: The Controversies and the - Ancient Origins Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. Roman Catholics . In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. -Elizabeth forced to impose strict penalties against Catholics (penal laws) which enforced religious settlement and protected England against Catholic influence. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? Elizabeth mock: "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main - Quizlet "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. The first being Elizabeth's refusal of marriage to Phillip if Spain. Drake was the first English person to achieve this (and the second person in history at the time). Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. The raid on Cadiz was a good strategic move by the English and not only weakened the Spanish, but strengthened the English. Philip IIs decision to reorganise the Dutch government and church angered both the Dutch Catholics and the Protestants. PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. In 1554 Mary had Elizabeth imprisoned in the Tower of London, briefly threatened her with execution, and then placed her under house arrest. . Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. 1589 | History of Parliament Online Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. PDF Paper 2: Early Elizabethan England 1558-88 - Oasis Academy South Bank In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of Why was France a threat? Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. Elizabeth I - Accession | Britannica Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. Before she came to the throne her mother Mary of Guise ruled Scotland while she remained in France married to the French prince Francis. During this journey, they encountered several powerful Atlantic storms and this resulted in many ships sinking or being wrecked on the Scottish and Irish coasts. [The importance of dates and chronology help demonstrate the long- term impact of Marys presence, which helps support the initial judgement.]. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. Indeed, the Ridolfi Plot of 1571 was even led by one of the Popes spies, Roberto Ridolfi. Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. Died: 24 March 1603. The invasion failed, however. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. This was seen as a huge blow for English pride as England had territory in France for hundreds of years. The plots were often uncovered due to Elizabeths informants and Walsinghams highly efficient spy network.
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